'Crash'에 해당되는 글 2건

  1. 2009.02.17 Space: Insurance's New Frontier by CEOinIRVINE
  2. 2008.11.04 Crashing The iPhone by CEOinIRVINE

Satellite collision highlights risks in a sector that currently has little financial risk protection.

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Imagine an object the size of a pea with the potential to destroy a satellite, and you'll get a sense of the potential new risks posed by Wednesday's collision of an Iridium satellite with an inactive Russian military satellite.

The scale of the damage is still being assessed, but so far the U.S. Joint Space Operations Center has identified 600 pieces of debris greater than the size of a tennis ball that were thrown off in the crash (pieces smaller than that are untrackable). Traveling at around 5.0 miles a second, an object much smaller could do a lot of damage, particularly when colliding with one coming from the opposite direction at a similar speed.

"The issue of debris has been hugely underestimated for a long time," said Sima Adhya, senior technical officer at risk analysis firm Sciemus. "It’s a massive problem that the space industry needs to get a grip on."

"There was an incident where a speck of paint chipped the windscreen of a spacecraft," David Wade, space underwriter at Atrium Space Insurance in London, told Forbes.

Most commercial insured satellites operate in geosynchronous orbit, around 22,400 miles above the Earth, where there is hardly any debris, and onboard control ensures that collision risks are small. For these satellites, the main risks covered tend to be mechanical troubles, or a failure at launch, according to Ernst Steilen, head of space underwriting at Munich Re.

Wednesday's collision occurred much closer to Earth, at a level where the majority of satellites, belonging to research institutes or governments, aren't covered by insurance.

Underwriters have so far been unwilling to predict the impact that Wednesday's collision will have on the space insurance industry, which generates around $800.0 million a year. "It is too soon to tell if the recent collision is likely to affect insurance terms, as we do not yet understand the nature of the debris caused by the collision or the ultimate orbit of that debris," said Jeff Cassidy, chief operating officer of specialist insurer Global Aerospace "We will continue to base every policy on its individual risk characteristics and any risk of damage from debris of any origin is just one of the risks faced by in-orbit satellites."

Munich Re's Steilen agrees that the collision, if it remains a one off and doesn’t result in massive losses, is unlikely to have any immediate impact on the industry. "We have had a reminder of what can happened and will be tracking it closely in the future."

The satellite, belonging to Iridium Satellite LLC, collided with the Russian satellite about 500 miles above Siberia, around midday Eastern Standard Time on Wednesday. With increasing demand for satellite coverage for industry from shipping and mining, to Web sites such as Google Maps, lower space orbits are gradually becoming more crowded.



Posted by CEOinIRVINE
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Crashing The iPhone

Business 2008. 11. 4. 12:09
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Burlingame, Calif. -

Italian systems engineer Piergiorgio Zambrini won fame and money last year when he created "Ziphone," the first widespread application that unlocked iPhones to run on mobile carriers other than AT&T. Now he's making another bid for the spotlight by revealing a bug that can crash the iPhone and, he says, other devices including iPods and Apple computers.

Zambrini planned to publish news about the bug Monday--although he's saving the technical details for Apple (nasdaq: AAPL - news - people ), he says--at least for now.

The 38-year-old security expert praises Apple's marketing prowess and calls Steve Jobs a genius. But there are chinks in Apple's software--and Zambrini is determined to uncover them.

The bug Zambrini found is in the audio portion of Apple's video format. Knowing the bug exists, someone could write a program that incorporates the bug into a video file and trigger a crash whenever an iPhone attempts to run that file. The bug, which is located in a shared code library that is used across most Apple operating systems and some Linux ones as well, doesn't appear to cause any permanent damage, but immediately sends the device into a panic that leads to a lengthy reboot.

Forbes.com has confirmed that it crashes the latest generation of iPhones. Zambrini asserts it can take down any Apple iPod or iPhone, too.

See Video: Crashpod

In Pictures: Seven iPhone Killers

Zambrini told Forbes.com that he spotted the bug in July, and sent an e-mail to Jobs explaining what he found. He also applied for a position Apple was advertising at the time: iPhone security engineer. "I usually have the skill to find things where people don't look," Zambrini says. So far Apple hasn't responded to his resume.

The engineer attracted a big audience last year when his code unlocked the iPhone, thus making it possible to use the phone on other networks. Zambrini, who now works as an independent security consultant, maintains that his only reason for prying open Apple's proprietary device in the first place was to allow people abroad to use the phone with their home service.

His work drew a crowd: Zambrini's iPhone-unlocking software site, Ziphone.org, has had 15 million unique visitors worldwide this year. Donations and advertisements have provided Zambrini with a healthy revenue stream. Although he's coy about revealing how much he's made, Zambrini says that at the peak of Ziphone's popularity, the site scored a new donation every minute. On his best day, he received more than $10,000 in donations, he says. These days he charges advertisers $4,000 a month to display a banner ad.

As Apple has expanded iPhone sales to some 72 countries, Zambrini concedes that there's less "need" for the kind of "jailbreak" software that he wrote. Apple is "doing all the right things," by expanding its services internationally and letting consumers download applications via the App Store, he adds. And indeed, traffic to Zambrini's site started to tail off after this summer's release of Apple's iPhone 3G.

Is that why he applied for a job with Apple? "My target is not to work for Apple, but who knows?" Zambrini says. "Just maybe a chat with someone there--with Steve Jobs if possible--could lead to anything," he says. Zambrini acknowledges that the donation model that has allowed him to work as an independent security consultant, but says his bug discovery isn't worth very much to anyone outside of Apple. "People will never donate something just to see a phone crash," he says.

Then again, someone might be willing to pay for that kind of information.

According to TippingPoint, a computer security company that pays for such vulnerabilities, an undisclosed flaw like the one Zambrini found can fetch a price on the open market from a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars. "If he wanted to cash in on it he could always try taking it to us or one of the other exploit-purchasing companies," says Cameron Hotchkies, a reverse engineer and Apple expert at TippingPoint.

"The fact that it's in a video file isn't really surprising to me," Hotchkies notes. "I'm actually surprised that it's crashing the device rather then crashing the Web browser because that means he's got a kernel vulnerability in the iPhone."

Large software companies like Apple and Microsoft (nasdaq: MSFT - news - people ) typically have security response teams set up to deal with bugs found by community programmers and independent security researchers. TippingPoint says Zambrini could also probably sell the bug to government or at private auction, but that software companies also typically set up security response teams to encourage direct disclosure.

Hotchkies says that Microsoft is currently the leader in security response but Apple is quickly catching up. "Over the past year they've sort of stepped up their security response and their security team," he says. "Usually within a day I get a handwritten follow-up e-mail from someone on their security team telling me who's working on it, so that way I know there's somebody taking a look at it."

Zambrini says he hasn't yet contacted Apple's security response team. Forbes.com informed an Apple spokesman about the flaw and is still awaiting an official comment.

Along with another security expert, Zambrini says he's still exploring the bug's potential for malicious applications like arbitrary code injection, which would enable remote hackers to compromise a device. So far, he says he has not found that level of a security flaw but does not rule it out: "We can't say it's not possible," Zambrini says. "This thing needs to be studied a little bit deeper."

In Pictures: Seven iPhone Killers

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