I haven't spent this much time thinking about economics since college, when it was my second major. I have dedicated the last 15 years primarily to my first major, computer science, and my first love, entrepreneurship. But that has changed in the last six months, although my primary concern still remains entrepreneurship.

I was invited by Tim Kane and Bob Litan of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, the world's largest foundation dedicated exclusively to the cause of promoting and fostering entrepreneurship, to a small conference of economics bloggers held in Kansas City recently.

About 30 of us spent a stimulating day--and two dinners--discussing the current crisis, the path forward, policy issues and a variety of other topics. (Read "Reconnecting With Economics.")

A growing concern is the current lack of policy to support entrepreneurship from this administration, especially bootstrapped entrepreneurship. As the government tries to assess what might stimulate entrepreneurship, I don't see many "practitioners" of true entrepreneurship represented on President Obama's advisory council. Who represents the voice of the bootstrapped entrepreneur in the government? Who understands the extreme cash-strapped conditions under which entrepreneurs operate? Without understanding, how can they design an effective system?

Yet, we're constantly wrapped around the axle of venture capital as the primary driver for entrepreneurial growth. President Obama has a few venture capitalists around him, including John Doerr. But Doerr has never been a practicing entrepreneur, especially not a bootstrapped entrepreneur.

In fact, this week, there was some whining from the venture capital industry about a tax increase for carried interest per the Obama budget proposal. The administration proposes raising taxes on these firms' general partners by treating carried interest, the portion of profits they take from successful investments, as ordinary income instead of capital gains. That change would increase the tax rate, starting in 2011, to 39.6% from the current 15% level.

My first reaction when I read this was, "What carry?" Most venture firms have had negative returns in recent years! But on a more serious note, my reaction is that there is some legitimacy to this proposal. The VCs are outrageously overcompensated as it is. (Read "VC-Entrepreneur Compensation Disbalance.")

There is no reason to give them additional tax breaks, unless they truly participate in risk taking, and they're not doing that these days. What we need to incentivize is the very early stage entrepreneurship and investment process, which comes primarily out of the entrepreneurs' own pockets and those of friends and family and angel investors. (Read "Stimulus Package for Entrepreneurs.") To the extent VCs should have any incentive via low capital gains taxes, I would offer that only to those who practice the high-risk art of true early stage venture capital, not en masse. My recommendation is a two-tier capital gains tax structure, which President Obama may consider to achieve some of the same results, but without choking up the growth engine.

An aspiring entrepreneur ought to be allowed to create a tax-free pool of income for use as personal venture capital. Such a pool of capital would go a long way to help kick-start new ventures.

Most entrepreneurs--especially first-time entrepreneurs--don't have access to such high net-worth people. They raise money from friends and family. Thus, the government should be very careful how a $400,000-a-year uncle is treated from a tax policy point of view. The choice may well be between $250,000 being invested in a start-up, versus that $250,000 going into the government's pocket as income tax. Furthermore, angel investors should also be allowed to create pools of tax-free capital for investing in start-ups.

Variations on this thinking have been implemented in certain states like Arizona, Oklahoma, Indiana and a few others. In fact, InfusionSoft Chief Executive Clate Mask wrote on my blog: "A couple years ago, our business was the beneficiary of a state program in Arizona that gives angel investors a state tax credit on their investment in a 'qualifying small business.' For our company, this credit was just the nudge several angel investors needed to go forward on an investment in our company. We raised about $400k from those angels. Today, we have about 140 employees, our business is excelling and our investors got their state tax credit."

Arizona offers a 30% tax credit to angel investors, but they have to be residents of the state to take advantage of the program. Mask believes a federal version of such an incentive structure would be much more effective so that entrepreneurs may be able to attract investors nationwide.

These are complex issues that require careful consideration from the Obama administration in order to design a properly functioning growth engine. For that, the president needs to first decide that entrepreneurship is a major issue that he cares about, and not just something he gives lip-service to. Then, he needs to recruit an advisory council made up of bootstrapped entrepreneurs, not venture capitalists or super high net worth investors. This will be the key to spawning a million small businesses that employ 10 million people--or more.

And therein lies the engine of growth now silenced by the $20 billion flushed down into General Motors' (nyse: GM - news - people ) bottomless abyss.

Sramana Mitra is a technology entrepreneur and strategy consultant in Silicon Valley. She has founded three companies and writes a business blog, Sramana Mitra on Strategy. She has a master's degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her first book, Entrepreneur Journeys (Volume One), is available from Amazon.com.

With the first wave of iPhone contracts expiring in June, consumers have plenty of other options.

Stocks faltered again in New York Wednesday, as investors wrestled with viability plans from two of Detroit's automakers, digested the Commerce Department's latest report on the housing market and mulled the Obama administration's housing market plan.

After Tuesday's close, Chrysler and General Motors (nyse: GM - news - people ) filed restructuring updates with the Treasury Department. The reports were a condition of a $13.4 billion loan package that the carmakers received from the government late in 2008. Both companies said they are making progress, but will need additional loans to outlast the downturn in consumer spending that has crippled domestic auto sales. GM, which said it could need more than $30.0 billion by 2011 in order to remain on pace for sustainable profitability by 2012, gained 6 cents, or 2.8%, to $2.24 Wednesday. (See "Loans Can't Bridge Detroit Disconnect.")

The major averages opened higher on a reflex to a steep drop Tuesday, but less than an hour into the session stocks had slipped back into the red. The Dow Jones industrial average was down 60 points, or 0.8%, to 7,493; and the Nasdaq fell 11 points, or 0.8%, to 1,459; while the Standard & Poor's 500 lost 7 points, or 0.9%, to 782, threatening to test its Nov. 2008 lows.

The Treasury offered an outline of the housing plan Wednesday morning, which includes additional preferred stock purchase agreements with Fannie Mae (nyse: FNM - news - people ) and Freddie Mac (nyse: FRE - news - people ), help with refinancing and $75.0 billion for loan modifications that would include government subsidies for certain homeowners at risk of foreclosure. President Obama is due to explain the plan in Arizona later in the day. Earlier Wednesday, the Commerce Dept. said housing starts and completions were down sharply in January, as were permits for new building. (See "Fannie And Freddie Redux.")

Bond insurer MBIA (nyse: MBI - news - people ) announced it will split itself in two, establishing a separate public finance guarantee insurance company that will concentrate on municipal bonds. The move would shield the firm's muni bond business from its activities in structured finance and international bonds. Shares of MBIA gained $1.33, or 38.2%, to $4.81, early in the session.

Deere & Company (nyse: DE - news - people ) lost $1.66, or 5.0%, to $31.83, after the farm equipment maker's first-quarter earnings fell short of analyst expectations. On an encouraging note, Deere said it has not had trouble accessing credit to fund its own needs and financing for customers.

Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke will make a speech on the central bank's balance sheet in Washington Wednesday afternoon, and the Fed's minutes from its January monetary policy meeting will be released shortly afterward.

Thomson Reuters contributed to this article.

Deal announced on emergency stimulus plan

With job losses soaring nationwide, Senate Democrats reached agreement with a small group of Republicans Friday night on an economic stimulus measure at the heart of President Barack Obama's plan for combatting the worst recession in decades.

"The American people want us to work together. They don't want to see us dividing along partisan lines on the most serious crisis confronting our country," said Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, one of three Republican moderates who broke ranks and pledged their votes for the bill.

Democratic leaders expressed confidence that the concessions they had made to Republicans and moderate Democrats to trim the measure had cleared the way for its passage. No final vote was expected before Monday.

Officials put the cost of the bill at $827 billion, including Obama's signature tax cut of up to $1,000 for working couples, even if they earn too little to pay income taxes. Also included are breaks for homebuyers and people buying new cars. Much of the new spending would be for victims of the recession, in the form of unemployment compensation, health care and food stamps.

Republican critics complained that whatever the cost, billions were ticketed for programs that would not create jobs.

In a key reduction from the bill that reached the Senate floor earlier in the week, $40 billion would be cut from a "fiscal stabilization fund" for state governments' education costs, though $14 billion to boost the maximum for college Pell Grants by $400 to $5,250 would be preserved, as would aid to local school districts for the No Child Left Behind law and special education.

A plan to help the unemployed purchase health insurance would be reduced to a 50 percent subsidy instead of two-thirds.

Re-evaluating Your Retirement Game Plan

After a miserable year in the market, investors need to assess how the turmoil will impact their retirement plans.

Banks are issuing preferred stock with yields of 10% and higher. Nice yields, but don't get suckered into buying bad paper. Click here for Forbes-Lehmann Income Securities Investor.

In Pictures: 7 Steps To Fix Your Retirement

Remember when your broker pulled you aside and showed you that neat, reassuring table of data proving how you could retire before becoming an octogenarian?

Rip it up--if you're planning on retiring anytime soon.

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The past decade's bull run lulled most people into thinking financial security during retirement was all but certain. Hold a diversified portfolio of stocks and boost your allocation to bonds as you near retirement age and you would be able to coast into your golden years. But then the financial collapse of 2008 hit, wreaking havoc on the best-laid financial plans.

Year-to-date, the stock market is down 40% and it's back to the drawing board for boomers and their advisers when it comes to retirement. With that in mind, Forbes.com called up financial planners, wealth managers and accountants to get a sense of what they're telling their clients as they navigate these tough times. The bottom line is that to secure a worry-free retirement, it's critical to re-assess and re-calculate your retirement strategy right now, after the storm.

In Pictures: 7 Steps To Fix Your Retirement

First, determine your retirement income needs. How much are you going to spend every year when you do retire? What are your expenses going to be? Once you arrive at a number, you will have a sense of the resources you'll need in order to live out your golden years in comfort.

There are a couple schools of thought about how to determine that magic number. It's common to discuss desired annual retirement income as a percentage of your current income. Depending on who you're seeking advice from, they may say it's anywhere from 60% to 80%.

According to the White House plan to aid General Motors and Chrysler with money drawn from the $700 billion fund voted by Congress, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson will temporarily oversee loans to the two ailing auto giants.

After Jan. 20, President-elect Obama will need to choose his own more permanent overseer. This person, identified as "the president's designee" in the failed Auto Industry Financing and Restructuring Act, is now widely referred to as the "car czar."
 

The imagery and reality of a car czar is fraught with problems. First of all, under what authority will this person be able to orchestrate sacrifices required by the carmakers, United Auto Workers, bond holders, and suppliers to make the loan recipients economically viable and competitive by March 31? It is by no means clear what power, apart from personal suasion, such a person would have to resolve disputes and align interests among key stakeholders during the coming months.

Furthermore, arriving at a plan for economically viability by March 31, as stipulated by the White House, will not save loan recipients from bankruptcy unless the financial community judges the carmakers' debt to be commercially bankable. This final and most important judgment is not for the car czar, the White House or even Congress to make.

So, with little formal authority to force changes in a 50-year-old business model and an extremely limited role in certifying the economic viability of business plans submitted by loan recipients, how can the car czar truly be a czar?

What's even more problematic is that the concept of a bridge-loan program with or without a car czar has a dream-like quality in the absence of an economic stimulus program that gets fast traction and an immediate increase in the availability of consumer credit.

Unless the volume of car and truck sales recovers to the industry's current break-even point of 14.5 to 15 million units per year from its current run rate of around 11 million units, the Big Three cannot remain solvent--czar or no czar. There is no near-term financial problem facing General Motors (nyse: GM - news - people ), or any other automaker, that a surge in volume wouldn't cure.

FedEx Corp. said Thursday its fiscal second-quarter earnings rose 3 percent, narrowly topping Wall Street's expectations, but it announced further cost cuts as demand continues to slump.

Chief Executive Frederick W. Smith said the company's earnings are "increasingly being challenged by some of the worst economic conditions in the company's 35-year operating history."

The Memphis, Tenn.-based company earned $493 million, or $1.58 per share, compared with a year-ago profit of $479 million, or $1.54 per share. Revenue rose 1 percent to $9.54 billion.

Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters predicted a profit of $1.57 per share on revenue of $9.87 billion.

The package delivery company said it will implement pay cuts for senior executives and a 1-year freeze on 401(k) contributions. On Jan. 1, CEO Smith will take a 20 percent pay cut, and other top brass will take a reduction in pay between 7.5 percent and 10 percent.

FedEx (nyse: FDX - news - people ) will also implement a 5 percent pay cut for all remaining U.S. "salaried exempt" personnel.

Combined, the company expects these measures to save $200 million through the remainder of the fiscal year ending in May and $600 million in the next fiscal year.

BCE Inc. said Friday that it plans to buy back up to 5 percent of its common shares and resume paying dividends following the collapse of the deal to take Canada's largest telecom company private in what would have been the biggest leveraged buyout in history.

The parent company of Bell Canada said it will repurchase up to 40 million outstanding common shares and will reinstate its quarterly dividend at 36.5 Canadian cents per share.

"A share buyback is the most efficient method of distributing capital to our shareholders, particularly given the current valuation metrics of the company," said chief financial officer Siim Vanaselja.

The buyback would cost BCE about 840.8 million Canadian dollars ($677 million) at its price at midday Friday.

BCE said earlier this week that it would restore the dividend and buy back stock following the collapse of the proposed $35 billion buyout by an investor group led by the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and several U.S. partners. The investors group had expected to complete its deal for BCE on Dec. 11.

But the deal fell through after a review by accounting firm KPMG found it would have left the company in violation of solvency tests of the privatization agreement, partly due to the amount of debt involved in the transaction and current market conditions.

There were also arguments over a breakup fee. The buyers group had said that no breakup fee will be paid, but BCE said in a separate statement it will demand payment of 1.2 billion Canadian dollars ($970 million).

Bell Canada issued a statement Friday saying that it will continue to move forward as a re-energized company and is supportive of BCE's buyback plans.

"Given this steadily improving business trajectory, we view the dividend and share buyback initiatives announced by BCE today as very attractive to our shareholders now and going forward," said George Cope, president and CEO of Bell and BCE.

BCE said the first new dividend payment will be made Jan. 15 to shareholders of record on Dec. 23. BCE also scheduled its annual meeting of shareholders on Feb. 17 in Montreal.

The dividend yields 6.95 percent at Friday morning's share price of 21.02 Canadian dollars, down CA$1.01 in trading in Toronto.

That share price is down from CA$38.35 just before it became apparent on Nov. 26 that Teachers' cash bid of CA$42.75 a share would not proceed.

The Toronto-based Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan -- with assets of CA$108 billion ($87 billion) in 2007 -- invests and administers the retirement funds for Ontario's 353,000 active, inactive, and retired teachers. U.S.-based Providence Equity Partners and Madison Dearborn Partners LLC are also involved in the proposed buyout.

BCE, which has more than 54,000 employees, had annual revenue of CA$17.8 billion ($14.4 billion) in 2007. It had 5.8 million wireless subscribers, 8.64 million phone lines, 1.94 million Internet subscribers and 1.82 million satellite television subscribers in 2006. It is Canada's largest communications company.