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Applications for mortgage refinancing tripled in early December on news that the Federal Reserve will buy up to $600 billion of mortgage debt. BusinessWeek's personal finance editor Lauren Young spoke to mortgage guru Keith Gumbinger of HSH Associates, a financial publisher, about the current refinancing climate.

How easy is it to refinance now?
You generally need to have an equity stake of at least 20% in your home. In the most challenged markets, you need much more. You don't need a flawless credit record, but you need a credit score of 720 to access the lowest interest rates. You must fully document income and assets, which is very different from a couple of years ago. Back then, you could walk into a lender merely breathing and they would say, "Great, here is your loan." Your debt loads relative to income have to be smaller now. At the height of the boom, those ratios—which include housing payments and other debts longer than 10 months—were as high as 55%. Now, you can't have a debt ratio higher than 43%.

Is there relief in sight for borrowers who want to refinance jumbo adjustable-rate mortgages but have been shut out of the market?
People got paranoid about adjustable-rate jumbo mortgages&mortgages that exceed $417,000&about a year ago. So many people have them, and there were worries people wouldn't be able to cover mortgage payments if they reset at higher rates. But now there has been a 180-degree turnaround. The rates on adjustable-rate jumbo mortgages are actually lower than fixed-rate jumbo mortgages. For example, the popular 5/1 jumbo adjustable-rate, which has an initial interest rate for five years and then resets annually, is 6.72%. The traditional 30-year fixed rate is 7.49%. So even if you want to get out of a jumbo adjustable-rate mortgage into a fixed-rate mortgage, now is not the best time to refinance. Ride it out, and you will probably save a few bucks if rates go lower.

Have closing costs shifted, too?
The costs haven't changed too much, but you might find the appraisal for your home will come in below what you are expecting. If you wish to challenge it, your lender may let you get a second opinion, but you will have to pay for it.

Considering that so many lenders have gone out of business, how do you work the system to your advantage?
Some lenders are more capital impaired than others, and their rates may be higher. My advice is to look across your marketplace, and leave yourself a sufficient amount of time to shop around. If you've worked with a mortgage broker in the past, keep in mind that mortgage brokers rely heavily on wholesale lenders [such as major banks and specialty finance companies], and those lenders have basically shut their doors and gone away. As a result, there are fewer funding sources for brokers. If you have a mortgage broker you trust, certainly engage them.

Mortgage rates have already fallen. Should homeowners wait for a new government program to push rates even lower?
If we crack 5%&mdashwhich would be a 50-year historic low—and stay there long enough, there are many millions of mortgages that can be refinanced profitably. But the lenders' staffs are already very thin. If you have a target interest rate in your head, shop around now for a mortgage lender who will hold onto your application so the paperwork is ready to go if rates fall.

A half-renovated Victorian for sale in Los Angeles. This week's drop in mortgage rates has pushed some prospective buyers to act fast

Would-be mortgage borrowers have rushed to refinance their loans and even weighed plans to buy homes following the government's move this week to loosen consumer lending.

With interest rates suddenly plummeting, "the phone is ringing, the e-mails keep coming," said Jennifer Du Plessis, a mortgage adviser at Prosperity Mortgage, the lending arm of Long & Foster. "Real estate agents are hovering outside our office saying: 'I've got another client who wants to refinance.' "

"Our loan officers were here well past midnight," Bob Walters of Internet lender Quicken Loans said regarding Tuesday, when the government announced its plan. Quicken received $400 million worth of mortgage applications that day, more than quadrupling the number of loans from the day before, he said. It was on track to meet that number yesterday, too.

Vivianne Couts, a Northern Virginia real estate agent, said one of her clients had planned to buy a house in Fairfax County this spring but yesterday sent her an e-mail saying, "Interest rates are low. I don't know what's going to happen in the future, so let's go for it."

Almost immediately after the Federal Reserve announced plans Tuesday to buy a sizable chunk of mortgage-based securities, interest rates dropped to the mid-5 percent range and stayed there through yesterday. The move is giving borrowers a "taste of the bailout pie," said analyst Mike Larson of Weiss Research. Until now, most government mortgage initiatives have been aimed at lenders or at distressed borrowers.

Rates on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage dropped a quarter of a percentage point from Monday to 5.76 percent yesterday -- the lowest since early February, according to research firm HSH Associates.

Lenders said most inquiries came from clients eager to refinance because they were angst-ridden about the economy or their jobs and wanted to get any savings they could find. When interest rates drop, the first borrowers to take advantage tend to be refinancers, because there's little hassle or downside.

However, whether those refinancers will actually get this week's rates remains to be seen.

Some may not have the credit scores necessary. For instance, many credit card companies have been slashing credit lines in a way that could hurt credit scores, Du Plessis said.

"If the credit card company reduces your line limit down to your balance, that kills your credit score," she said.

Given the drop in home values in many pockets of this region, others who hope to refinance may not have the home equity they thought they had. "Locking in the rate is just the first step," said Brian Bonnet, president of Signature Mortgage Services in Alexandria. "Deteriorating home values are the next hurdle."

That's what worries Bob Walker, a Loudoun County resident who wants to refinance.