Since President Obama signed the economic-stimulus package into law
February 17, I have received many questions about its provisions. And
I've noticed that there are a lot of misconceptions about the plan.
Here's the lowdown.
Misconception #1: Most people will get their stimulus money as a check this year.
Instead
of receiving a check from the government, most single taxpayers will
see an adjustment to their tax withholding in their paychecks in 2009
and 2010, giving them about $45 extra per month for the rest of this
year (married workers will receive an extra $65). If you're
self-employed, you can adjust your quarterly tax payments to benefit
from the tax credit. Then you will claim the credit when you file your
2009 tax return next spring, bringing your tax bill in line with your
reduced payments.
The stimulus also provides a one-time payment of
$250 to recipients of Social Security, Railroad Retirement and Veterans
Administration benefits.(People who applied for any of these benefits
for the first time after January 31 don't get the money; only those on
the rolls in November and December 2008 and January 2009 are eligible.)
You'll get the money electronically or by check, depending on how you
receive those benefits. Retired government employees who don't receive
Social Security will also get a $250 credit when they file their 2009
returns.
Misconception #2: The adjustment to withholding will have to be paid back when you file your tax return next year.
Wrong
-- the stimulus is actually a tax credit of 6.2% of taxable wages in
2009 and 2010, to a maximum each year of $400 for single taxpayers and
$800 for married couples filing jointly. The credit is refundable,
which means that you can still receive the full credit even if it is
worth more than your total tax liability.
Paychecks are being
adjusted now to get more money into the economy faster. You'll claim
the credit when you file your return next year, so your tax bill should
adjust in line with the stimulus money (and you might get some extra
money at tax time if your withholding wasn't adjusted enough to account
for the extra credit during the year, which may happen for some married
people in single-earner households).
But not everyone qualifies for the credit. It
begins to phase out for single filers with adjusted gross incomes of
$75,000 or higher, or $150,000 for married couples filing jointly, and
it disappears entirely for single filers with AGIs of $95,000 or more,
or $190,000 for joint filers.
Misconception #3: The first-time home buyer's credit needs to be repaid.
You may not have to repay the credit, depending on when you bought the house.
If
you buy a house between January 1, 2009, and December 1, 2009, you
could receive a credit for 10% of the home's purchase price, up to
$8,000. This credit does not have to be repaid as long as you own the
home for at least three years.
If you bought a first home between
April 9, 2008, and December 31, 2008, you are eligible for a tax credit
of 10% of the home's purchase price, up to $7,500 -- but the credit
must be repaid over 15 years, starting two years after you claim the
credit. If you sell the home before you finish paying back the credit,
the balance is due in full the year of the sale.
The 2008 and
2009 credits begin to phase out if your modified adjusted gross income
is more than $75,000 (or $150,000 if you're married filing jointly).
The credit disappears entirely after your income reaches $95,000 if
you're single, or $170,000 if married filing jointly. You are
considered a first-time home buyer if you (and your spouse, if you are
married) didn't own a primary residence in the past three years. The
credit does not apply to rental property and vacation homes.
Misconception #4: You can't get the 2009 first-time home-buyer tax credit until you file your tax return next year.
Actually,
taxpayers who buy a first home in 2009 do not need to wait until they
file their 2009 return (by April 15, 2010) to benefit from the credit.
To get the money into the economy faster, the federal government is
giving you a choice of claiming the first-time home-buyer credit on
either your 2008 or your 2009 tax return.
There's actually a way
to benefit from the credit even before you buy your first home. If you
plan to buy by the November 31 deadline, you can reduce your
withholding on your paychecks right away. The increased take-home pay
could help you with the down payment. File a new W-4 form with your
employer to adjust your withholding. (And remember to re-adjust your
withholding again next year.)
If you have already filed your 2008 return, you can use Form 1040X
to amend it. If you purchase a first home after the 2008 tax-filing
deadline of April 15, 2009, you can still claim the credit on your 2008
tax return either by requesting a six-month extension for filing your
return (which doesn't extend the deadline for paying any taxes owed) or
by filing an amended return.
Misconception #5: You need to apply through the government to get the COBRA health-care subsidy.
Contact
your former employer, not the government, to take advantage of the
COBRA subsidy. If you were laid off since September 1, 2008, and are
already receiving COBRA coverage, then you'll pay 35% of the COBRA
health-insurance premiums, and your former employer will pay the
remaining 65%. The government will then reimburse your former employer
for the subsidy through a payroll tax credit.
If you were laid
off on September 1, 2008, or later but didn't sign up for COBRA
coverage, you'll get a second chance to elect COBRA and benefit from
the subsidy. You should receive a notice from your former employer
soon, or contact your former employer to find out about the steps for
signing up.
Misconception #6: You can receive the COBRA subsidy the entire time you're covered by COBRA.
Federal
law requires most companies with 20 or more employees to let former
employees keep group health-insurance coverage for up to 18 months
after they leave their jobs. But the 65% COBRA subsidy lasts for only
nine months. After that, the premiums will jump back to the full price
- and the average employer health-insurance plan costs $12,680 per year
for family coverage, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation.
If
you have health issues, COBRA may still be your best bet despite the
hefty price tag. But many people can find a better deal by buying their
own health insurance. You can get price quotes for individual policies
at eHealthInsurance.com, or find a local health-insurance agent at the National Association of Health Underwriters
Web site. Check out your options at least one month before your COBRA
subsidy expires so you'll have plenty of time to find out how much an
individual policy would cost.
The subsidy ends if you find a job
and your new employer offers health-care coverage or you become
eligible for Medicare. And COBRA does not apply if the company stops
offering health coverage to current employees or shuts down entirely.
Misconception #7: The number of weeks you can receive emergency unemployment benefits has been extended.
The
stimulus does not provide additional weeks of benefits for people who
use their 33 weeks of emergency unemployment-compensation benefits; it
just expands the dates that the program will be available.
A
federal law passed last year provides an extra 20 weeks of emergency
unemployment compensation to workers who exhausted their regular
unemployment benefits, plus an additional 13 weeks of extended benefits
for residents of states with high unemployment rates (contact your state unemployment-benefits office for details about your state's rules).
The
emergency unemployment-compensation program was scheduled to expire on
August 27, 2009, and the last day to apply for benefits was originally
set to be March 31, 2009. As a result of the stimulus law, unemployed
people who exhaust their regular state benefits now have until December
31, 2009, to apply for extended benefits and can receive compensation
until May 31, 2010.
Copyrighted, Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc.
Comment On This Story