The government, still struggling to manage a severe financial
crisis, unveiled two new programs Tuesday that will provide $800
billion to try to help unfreeze the market for consumer debt from home
mortgages to credit cards.
The announcements by the Federal
Reserve and the Treasury Department represented the latest
modifications to the largest government bailout in history, a program
designed to keep the troubled financial system from dragging the
country into a deep and prolonged recession.
Treasury
Secretary Henry Paulson has been criticized for continually revising
the focus of the government's response to the crisis.
Paulson
on Tuesday defended all the changes, saying that there was no one
response adequate by itself to deal with what he termed a once- or
twice-in-a-century financial crisis. He said that was why the
government was having to keep modifying its response.
"It
is naive for any of us to think that when you are dealing with a
situaiton of this magnitude that a bill could be passed or a single
action taken to make all the issues go away," Paulson told reporters at
a briefing on the new programs.
To try to increase the
availability of home loans to borrowers, the Federal Reserve said it
will buy up to $100 billion in direct obligations from mortgage giants
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as the Federal Home Loan Banks. The
Fed also will buy $500 billion in mortgage-backed securities, pools of
mortgages that are bundled together and sold to investors.
The
program on consumer debt will lend up to $200 billion to the holders of
securities backed by various types of consumer loans. It will be
supported by $20 billion of credit protection from the $700 billion
bailout package that was enacted last month.
The
government, while looking to reduce fear in the credit markets, is
eager to see lenders like credit card companies resume more normal
levels of lending to help stimulate the economy. Since September, when
credit markets first froze, financial institutions have been hesitant
to hand over money for fear they won't be repaid.
On Wall
Street, the new government efforts provided an early lift to stocks,
but the Dow Jones industrials were down about 10 points in midday
trading.
Meanwhile, data released Tuesday provided further proof the country is almost certainly in the throes of a painful recession.
The
Commerce Department's updated reading on the economy's performance
showed gross domestic product shrank at a 0.5 percent annual rate in
the July-September quarter, weaker than the 0.3 percent rate of decline
first estimated a month ago, and the worst showing since the third
quarter of 2001.
GDP measures the value of all goods and
services produced within the U.S. and is considered the best barometer
of the country's economic fitness.
Meanwhile, the Standard
& Poor's/Case-Shiller national home price index released Tuesday
tumbled a record 16.6 percent during the quarter from the same period a
year ago. Prices are at levels not seen since the first quarter of 2004.
That, in turn, has made it harder for businesses and consumers to borrow.
Elsewhere,
the New York-based Conference Board says its Consumer Confidence Index
for November was 44.9, up from a revised 38.8 in October. Last month's
reading was the lowest since the research group started tracking the
index in 1967.
Economists surveyed by Thomson Reuters
expected the November reading to slip to 37.9. Still, this month's
figure hovers around levels not seen since December 1974, with
Americans' views on the economy the gloomiest in decades as they
grapple with massive layoffs, slumping home prices and dwindling
retirement funds.
Consumers nationwide are reeling from job
losses, tanking investment portfolios and sinking home values. They are
expected to hunker down further in the coming months, making it likely
the economy will continue to shrink through the rest of this year and
into 2009, more than fulfilling a classic definition of a recession:
two straight quarters of economic contraction.
