'Business'에 해당되는 글 1108건

  1. 2008.10.14 It's Wall Street's Turn to Bolster Confidence by CEOinIRVINE
  2. 2008.10.14 Bush Details $250B Bank Investment Plan by CEOinIRVINE
  3. 2008.10.14 Wall Street Roars, Dow Jumps 936 by CEOinIRVINE 1
  4. 2008.10.14 U.S. Markets Rebound From Last Week by CEOinIRVINE
  5. 2008.10.14 A Chance To Double Your Money by CEOinIRVINE
  6. 2008.10.14 Living paycheck to paycheck by CEOinIRVINE
  7. 2008.10.14 Woman pays 15K debit in 15 months by CEOinIRVINE
  8. 2008.10.14 Great Depression holds lessons for surviving tough economy by CEOinIRVINE
  9. 2008.10.14 U.S. Regulators Prepare to Move Beyond $700 Billion Bailout by CEOinIRVINE
  10. 2008.10.14 European Banks to Get Billions from Governments by CEOinIRVINE
Morgan Stanley chief executive John Mack, left, and Citigroup chief executive Vikram Pandit leave a meeting at the Treasury Department yesterday.
Morgan Stanley chief executive John Mack, left, and Citigroup chief executive Vikram Pandit leave a meeting at the

Now, what was that about Hank Paulson having blown it?

How he foolishly let Lehman Brothers go under and started a chain reaction that quickly turned into a financial meltdown?

How he was so focused on his cockamamie plan to buy up distressed mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, instead of injecting capital into banks in exchange for shares?

How he and the other finance ministers were so way behind the curve this past weekend in failing to come up with a detailed and coordinated plan to restore confidence in financial markets?

The truth is we were going to have a serious financial crisis no matter what Paulson did or didn't do, thanks to the incredible ineptitude of Wall Street and the nation's financial regulators over the past few years, whether an insolvent and mismanaged investment bank was rescued or not. Lehman was the veritable straw that finally broke the back of the financial camel overloaded with debt. If it hadn't been Lehman, it would have been something else.

Since Lehman's failure, Paulson has moved faster, more aggressively and more deftly than any of his international counterparts in doing whatever was necessary to stabilize the financial system. Yesterday, he and his collaborators at the Fed and FDIC threw everything they had at it -- flooding the banking system with an unlimited supply of dollars, expanding deposit insurance, putting a guarantee on new bank debt, injecting capital into healthy banks, giving the Japanese the assurances they needed to rescue Morgan Stanley, and doing nothing to discourage free-spending Democrats from their plans to offer another big economic stimulus plan. 

The result: the biggest one-day rally on stock markets in 70 years.

I hope you won't think it petty to point out that some of the people who this past weekend were complaining that the Treasury secretary was being too timid in his response to the financial crisis were some of the same people who, three weeks ago, were complaining about his audacity in demanding a "$700 billion blank check." I know I speak for Gov. Sarah Palin and Joe Six-Packs everywhere in pleading that, for Pete's sake, let's cut the guy a little slack.

In putting several trillion dollars in government funds on the line, the country has now done just about everything that Wall Street could have asked to address the financial crisis. The question now, as John Kennedy might have put it, is what Wall Street is ready to do for its country. So far, the answer is not much.

After getting their closed-door briefing yesterday from Paulson on the government's latest initiatives, Wall Street's finest literally ran from the Treasury to their waiting limousines, bypassing a media scrum eager to convey any scrap of wisdom or insight.

Court reporters will tell you they can always tell the innocent from the guilty on these kinds of perp walks, and the Wall Street crowd yesterday looked particularly guilty, unable even to conjure up a soothing word to a nation fretting over its shrunken 401(k)s, or a simple thank you to taxpayers for having saved their bacon. Their silence and invisibility throughout this crisis attests to the moral and political bankruptcy of a financial elite that is the perfect match for the financial bankruptcy they have now visited upon their investors, their creditors and their customers.

After yesterday's "historic" meeting, we are told by industry apologists that we are supposed to be grateful to nine leading banks for having "volunteered" to accept additional capital from the Treasury, along with a government guarantee for newly issued bank debt, even if it means having to accept a dilution of existing shares and a few harmless restrictions on their operations.




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"The government's role will be limited and temporary," Bush said in morning remarks at the White House. "These measures are not intended to take over the free market, but to preserve it." (Photo: AP)

President George Bush said this morning that the administration's "unprecedented and aggressive" plan to partly nationalize nine major banks was an "essential short term measure to ensure the viability " of a battered financial system.

With the government poised to invest $250 billion of taxpayer's money into private banks, Bush said that the plan was not an abandonment of the free market, but a necessary move to avoid a deep economic crash.

"The government's role will be limited and temporary," Bush said in morning remarks at the White House. "These measures are not intended to take over the free market, but to preserve it."

Top economic policymakers, including Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr., are set to unveil further details of the plan in briefings this morning. But the broad outlines were released on Monday. The U.S. followed similar steps announced through the day in Europe in what amounted to a coordinated move by the world's major economies to back the global banking system with public funds and confidence-building measures, such as government guarantees of loans between banks.

Bush said this morning that while the new programs might seem "distant" to the lives of everyday people, they will directly affect the ability of small businesses to obtain operating cash, and households to finance auto, home and other major purchases.

The government investment will "help healthy banks continue making loans and this new capital will help struggling banks fill the hole created by losses in the financial crisis," Bush said.

The government's $250 billion direct investment into banks in essence forces nine of the largest to accept what amounts to a partial nationalization.

News that European governments also planned to take stakes in their banks and anticipation of new U.S. measures unleashed a tremendous surge in U.S. stock prices yesterday, with the Dow Jones industrial average soaring to the biggest percentage gain since the 1930s, up 11.1 percent. It ended 936.42 points higher, the largest point gain ever, just days after the Dow had its steepest weekly decline in history.

The rally continued today on Asian and European exchanges. In addition, some key measures of the crisis -- such as the interest rates banks charge each other for short term loans -- began to ease.

The Treasury Department's decision to take equity stakes in banks represents a significant reversal, coming just weeks after Paulson had opposed the idea. In a momentous meeting yesterday afternoon in Washington, Paulson, flanked by top financial regulators, told the executives of nine leading banks that they needed to participate in the program for the good of the national economy, two industry sources said on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.

The government's initiative, which was to be announced this morning before the markets open for New York trading, is part of a wider plan that goes beyond the $700 billion rescue package approved by Congress earlier this month. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. is also set to announce today the launch of an insurance fund to guarantee new issues of bank debt. It will provide unlimited deposit insurance for non-interest-bearing accounts, which are widely used by small businesses for payroll and other purposes.

In pressing the bank executives to accept partial government ownership, Paulson's message was clear: Though officially the program was voluntary, the banks had little choice in the matter. In exchange for giving the Treasury minority stakes, the nine firms would jointly receive an investment worth $125 billion. The government would make another $125 billion available for the next 30 days to thousands of other banks and thrifts across the country.




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Wall Street Roars,

Dow Jumps 936



Following last week's brutal sell-off, U.S. stocks staged one of the biggest comebacks ever Monday as global central banks and governments moved over the weekend to shape a rescue plan for troubled banks and economies. Markets around the world also headed sharply higher.

"This, boys and girls, is what you call a relief rally in markets," wrote Paul Kedrosky in his blog Infectious Greed on Oct. 13. "There are some staggering numbers out there, especially from Germany, Hong Kong, and Brazil indices."

At the close Monday, the Dow Jones industrial average soared 936.42 points, or 11.08%, to 9,387.61 -- the biggest point gain ever. The S&P 500 index climbed 104.13 points, or 11.58%, to 1,003.35, boosted by shares of investment banking and brokerages and auto manufacturers. The Nasdaq composite index rose 194.74 points, or 11.81%, to 1,844.25.

  Biggest Point Gains in the Dow

Date Close Net Chg. % Chg.
10/13/2008 9,387.61 936.42 11.08%
3/16/2000 10,630.60 499.19 4.93
7/24/2002 8,191.29 488.95 6.35
9/30/2008 10,850.66 485.21 4.68
7/29/2002 8,711.88 447.49 5.41
3/18/2008 12,392.66 420.41 3.51
3/11/2008 12,156.81 416.66 3.55
9/18/2008 11,019.69 410.03 3.86
4/5/2001 9,918.05 402.63 4.23
4/18/2001 10,615.83 399.10 3.91

European equity indexes also rose sharply, with Germany's DAX index and Paris' CAC index jumping more than 11% and London's FTSE-100 index rising 8%. Many stock markets in Asia also surged overnight.

"This sort of move was more or less inevitable after the sorts of downbound moves we've seen, so long as nothing imploded over the weekend," Kedrosky wrote. "It will give rise to non-stop cries of "the bottom is in", which I don't believe."

U.S. Treasury futures skidded on Monday, indicating bond yields were rising in reaction to the central bank movements that appear to have relieved panic that prevailed last week. The cash bond market, U.S. banks and government offices were closed Monday for the Columbus Day holiday.

The dollar index was lower as the euro and pound sterling rallied on central banks' moves to inject huge amounts of cash into their banking systems. Gold futures were plunging on hedge fund selling. Oil futures were higher on hopes banking efforts will revive global economies and boost demand.

Governments across the world launched multi-billion dollar bailouts to shore up global banks. Britain called for a new Bretton Woods agreement to reshape the world financial system, according to Reuters. The slew of bank bailouts worth hundreds of billions of dollars were designed to stave off the world's worst financial crisis in nearly 80 years, accompanied by declining global economic growth and the threat of widespread recession.

"Only by global action can we fully restore the confidence that is needed and build the international financial order," said British Prime Minister Gordon Brown. He called on world leaders to create a new "financial architecture" to reflect the global reach of economics and banking, in much the same way that the current international economic system was set up at a conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944.

After meetings of the G-7 and International Monetary Fund in Washington this past weekend, Western financial leaders sought to assure panicky bankers and money managers in no uncertain terms that all of the measures needed to halt a worldwide meltdown are in motion.

While short on the details many market analysts had hoped for, the broad brushstrokes of forceful, coordinated action by Western governments were unveiled: No more Lehman Brothers-like failures of major financial institutions will be allowed. All bank deposits will be guaranteed. The banking systems of the G-7 nations will be flooded with almost unlimited liquidity. And if all that fails, any other tool—regardless of how economically unorthodox—will be used if needed.

 

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DJIAS&P 500NASDAQMarket Index Charts
DJIA 9,387.61  +936.42    NASDAQ 1,844.25  +194.74    SPX 1,003.35  +104.13    S  0.00 0.00    LMT  90.26 +2.78    FNM  1.13 +0.06    DJIA 9,387.61  +936.42    NASDAQ 1,844.25  +194.74    SPX 1,003.35  +104.13    S  0.00 0.00    LMT  90.26 +2.78    FNM  1.13 +0.06    
Personalize Ticker | Updated 4:00 PM, 10/13/2008 Disclaimer | © MarketWatch Inc.
Source: Interactive Data Corp

U.S. Markets Rebound From Last Week

Washington Post Staff Writer
Monday, October 13, 2008; 5:00 PM

Wall Street, taking note of U.S. and world regulators' efforts to combat the financial crisis, rebounded today from last week's debacle with a massive rally that propelled the Dow Jones industrial average to its largest daily point gain ever and the largest percentage increase since the depths of the Depression.


After posting their worst week in history, the Dow Jones industrial average and the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index both posted big gains today. The Dow closed up 11 percent, or 936 points. It was the Dow's largest single-day point gain, far surpassing the jump of 499 points on March 16, 2000.

Only four other days -- all during the late 1920s and early 1930s -- have seen larger percentage gains for the Dow.

The S&P was up 11.6 percent, or 104 points, in its best one-day gain since 1939. The tech-heavy Nasdaq was up 11.8 percent, or 195 points.

Stocks snapped an eight-day losing streak fueled by deepening concerns of a global recession. The Dow and S&P both lost 18 percent of their value last week, the worst week in Wall Street history.

Frustrated investors and traders appear cheered today by pledges of a coordinated global approach following a meeting of the finance ministers from the world's wealthiest countries, known as the Group of Seven, this weekend in Washington.

European leaders have said they would inject new capital into troubled banks and guarantee interbank lending. Britain announced today it would spend $64 billion to bail out three major banks: Royal Bank of Scotland, HBOS and Lloyds.

The Treasury Department is also working on a plan to buy stakes in troubled banks. The head of the government's $700 billion financial rescue plan began to outline details of the program today and said appointments would be announced soon. "A program as large and complex as this would normally take months -- or even years -- to establish," Neel Kashkari, interim assistant Treasury secretary for financial stability, said this morning. "We don't have months or years."

U.S. regulators are expected to announce an expanded response to the crisis as soon as tomorrow morning. "It feels like we're beginning to get the feeling that regulators and governments are doing what they have to, to get the liquidity flowing again," said John Wilson, co-head of the equity group at Morgan Keegan, in Memphis.

After days of sell-offs, today's rally has also unleashed bargain hunters. "I think there are some people out there that think things are so bad it can't get much worse," said Wilson. Institutional and individual investors have pulled a tremendous amount of money out of the market in recent weeks that they may be willing to spend again, he said.

"I think right now, anything that helps confidence will help the market," said Wilson.

Overseas markets surged on the efforts. London's FTSE finished up 7 percent, while Germany's DAX and the CAC40 in Paris were up 10.6 percent and 9.2 percent respectively. The Japanese stock market was closed today, but other Asian indexes had gains of anywhere from 3 percent to more than 10 percent in Hong Kong.





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A Chance To Double Your Money
Jerry Flint, 10.13.08, 6:00 AM ET

More From Jerry Flint

















 

"What's good for America is good for GM, and vise versa."

Charlie Wilson of General Motors (nyse: GM - news - people ) made that comment long ago. He is always misquoted, but that is what he said. It was true then, but what about today?

Will it be good for America if General Motors does not survive, if GM goes bankrupt, if GM goes out of business?

It could happen. From what we know, GM could run out of cash by the middle of next year.

Over the next days, we will hear about more GM plant closings, more layoffs and more dealer failings. We will also hear more about talks of a most unlikely merger with Chrysler.

Not only is the stock market scaring off buyers, but dealers are also having a hard time getting financing for those people still willing to buy a new car. The last thing GM--or any car company--needs is talk that GM is on the verge of bankruptcy. That will make car sales collapse even more as word of this spreads.

No one wants to by a new car from a company that might not be there tomorrow. That kills resale value and leaves consumers worrying about the warranty and the availability of repair parts. I would not expect a bankrupt car company to come back in this country--ever. Do you see any new Studebakers around? Any Packards or Cords?

A collapse of GM would cause the direct and collateral loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs--in assembly plants, parts plants, showrooms and more. Yes, in Darwinian capitalism, other auto companies would eventually pick up the slack in the workplace and marketplace. Would this be good for America right now?

This nervous talk does not mean that GM is going to go bankrupt. Would Japan allow Toyota (nyse: TM - news - people ) to go down? Would Germany allow Volkswagen (other-otc: VLKAF.PK - news - people ) to collapse? And does America owe something to GM?

I have a long memory. I remember World War II, when the president of GM--his name was William Knudsen--headed the successful effort to build our great war production machine. GM helped save America then.

I remember after 9/11 when GM brought out the "no interest" car loan to "keep America rolling" through that terrible shock.

I remember a day nearly 30 years ago when our government said it would not let the much smaller Chrysler go down, and guaranteed its loans, helped save Chrysler and made a profit on it.

I remember the great GM pay, pensions, health care and dividends that made life good for millions of Americans.

And I remember the great cars.

Maybe none of this is important today.

We know the Treasury Secretary and the head of the Federal Reserve and the president will spend anything--a trillion dollars--to save an insurance company and banks. Will they sit back and watch the destruction of the American auto industry?

Some facts: GM's money crisis is real and could bankrupt the company in months--especially if dealers cannot get financing for their inventories and car buyers--but that does not mean GM will go out of business.

GM has huge and still successful operations in Europe, in Brazil, in China. The company could restructure and separate its sick American operation from these healthier parts, allowing the company to continue abroad until a better day comes.

The government could guarantee loans as it did for Chrysler. The cost would be a fraction of the bailout of AIG (nyse: AIG - news - people )--and there is a good chance it would cost nothing.

It is even possible that someone would buy the company--say, Toyota of Japan. While I think that it would be a disaster, it is also possible that GM will merge with Chrysler, which would also be a big mistake.

Going out of business is not likely, and bankruptcy is now a political decision. General Motors certainly has strengths. For starters, it is still the largest automaker in the U.S. with more than 20% of the business.

GM trucks, the full-sized Chevy and GMC pickups and the truck-based sport utility vehicles like the Tahoe and Suburban are among the best in the world. Yes, these vehicles do not deliver great gas mileage, but oil prices have come way down since this summer's $145 per barrel in the spot market, and I trust that gasoline prices will work their way lower, too.

The newest GM cars can now hold their own with all foreign competition. I am talking about vehicles such as the Cadillac CTS, the Chevy Malibu and the Corvette ZR1 supercar. I predict the upcoming Chevrolet Camaro will be a winner, too. The "base" model Camaro promises decent fuel economy and a 300 horsepower V-6 as the standard engine. This is not a "secretary's car."

The coming Chevy Volt just may open the way to electric cars. Once great divisions like Pontiac and Buick are merely hanging on, but they are not dead yet, and GM has several new, and potentially, exciting vehicles in the works.

If there is a great weakness at GM, it is management. For too many years GM's financially oriented managers ignored or mishandled the car business. I call it arrogance matched by ignorance. On the other hand, these executives were not thieves. They did not enrich themselves like the leaders of the financial service companies that the government is so eager to rescue. GM's managers just did not understand why Americans love their cars.

If the government is willing to help, to give loan guarantees to General Motors, it should ask if this management could lead the company out of its depression, as Lee Iacocca led Chrysler, as George Romney led American Motors.

When GM stock closed below $5 a share last Thursday, its market value fell to $2.7 billion, far less than the market capital of some Internet start-ups during the market bubble a decade ago. Remember when Chrysler was struggling in the early 1980s and trading at $3 per share (not adjusted for subsequent splits)? Investors who took a chance in that company more than doubled their money in a short period.

If the country decides it does not need GM, we should remember Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem.

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Editor's note: CNN.com has a business partnership with CareerBuilder.com, which serves as the exclusive provider of job listings and services to CNN.com.

Invisible expenses -- a smoothie after yoga class or a burger for lunch -- can quickly deplete your account.

Invisible expenses -- a smoothie after yoga class or a burger for lunch -- can quickly deplete your account.

If you find yourself counting the hours until your next paycheck is deposited in your bank, you're not alone.

Almost half of workers live paycheck to paycheck just to make ends meet, a new CareerBuilder.com survey finds.

While we are all advised to earmark some of each paycheck for savings, a quarter of workers say they don't put any money into savings and, of the ones who do, 34 percent set aside less than $100 per month.

Workers don't intend to struggle between pay periods -- it just seems to happen. Nearly two-thirds of workers set a budget for each paycheck, but 19 percent don't (or simply can't) follow it on a regular basis.

The answer for many employees would be to earn more money. Forty-two percent of workers believe an additional $500 per paycheck would allow them to live comfortably. Yet, 21 percent of workers who earn at least $100,000 also claim to live paycheck to paycheck.

Where does all the money go?

Although you budget for rent, monthly bills and groceries, do you factor in going to the movies, eating out for lunch, repairing your car's busted radiator or tailoring your new suit?

When accepting a job offer and setting your budget, think about how much money you need to live your regular, everyday life, not just enough to cover the recurring bills you receive in the mail.

Your invisible expenses -- a smoothie after yoga class or a cab ride after a night of partying -- deplete your account more than you think.

"Consider creating a budget and then writing down all money spent for a month. Compare it to the budget," financial specialist Lisa R. Featherngill advises. "Are there surprises?"

Eating away at your budget

One of the reasons so many workers can't put anything in savings might be their penchant for eating out. You could pack your lunch that morning or make a little extra dinner and take the leftovers to work ... but do you?

You might not be surprised to find out that nearly two-thirds of workers set a budget for each paycheck, but 19 percent say they don't stick to it on a regular basis. Quick bites are often the culprits.

"Most of us don't plan to eat out so often, but there's a delay at work, an appointment takes longer or the subway is running slowly. We're tired and hungry; there's no time to cook, so we end up calling for takeout or running next door for a quick restaurant meal," says Stacy Francis, a financial adviser and president of Francis Financial.

By the time you pay for your meal, you're probably hard pressed to go anywhere without spending at least $5. Factor in a drink or chips and you're closer to $10. Do that more than once a week and you're hitting your bank account pretty hard.

"Saving just $25 a week for 40 years with a 5 percent annual yield will give you more than $165,000; at 7 percent, you'd have $286,640," Francis calculates. "Oh, and double the weekly amount to $50, find a 9 percent return, and you'll have tucked away [more than $1 million] at the end of 40 years."

Don't mess with the necessities

One good expense you might have coming out of your paycheck is a deduction for your health benefits. Although you might think that money's better off in your pocket, it's not. A health issue can be costly; for many Americans it has been the cause of bankruptcy. If you have a spouse or partner who has health benefits, you can see if his or her plan offers comparable or better benefits for a better rate.

The same can be said for your 401(k). It can be tempting to dip into your retirement so you can maintain your current lifestyle, but don't. Although a third of surveyed workers don't contribute anything to a 401(k), IRA or retirement plan, those who do should keep putting in what you can. When your employer matches your contribution, you're taking full advantage of the compensation package that probably lured you to the job in the first place.

Ask what your job can do for you

Of course, sometimes just getting to work can be expensive. By now everybody knows how high American gas prices are and many people have opted to take buses and trains to work instead. Switching to public transportation isn't always an option, however, if you live in some major cities and many rural areas.

One way you might be able to cut back on transportation costs is to work from home as much as possible. If you're lucky enough to have a job and employer that allows this, take advantage of it to save both money and travel time.

Perhaps the best way to save money is to take advantage of benefits that don't cost you a thing. If your company offers an education reimbursement and you're in school, use it. If you can have all or some of your gym membership paid for, find out how. Missing opportunities to get back cash you're already spending is the equivalent of throwing money away.

Sometimes, though, living paycheck to paycheck is not a matter of luxurious spending; it's a simple case of math. You might not be earning enough to ever get ahead. You have to decide whether you're happy with your current salary or if you need to earn more.

Sixty-four percent of hiring managers plan to provide an increase in salaries for full-time, permanent employees in the third quarter of 2008 -- this could be your opportunity to ask for a raise.

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Pam Van Hylckama Vlieg says her grandfather tried to steal chickens after being laid off from coal mining.

Pam Van Hylckama Vlieg says her grandfather tried to steal chickens after being laid off from coal mining.



Memories of salvaging and stealing to avoid going hungry are part of the legacy of the Great Depression. Some iReporters say they can't help but look at the current economy and feel the past holds lessons for the present.

Donna LeBlanc of Waxia, Louisiana, says she carries no credit to this day as a result of the frugality and self-reliance instilled in her by her family. Her husband keeps the couple's credit card and maintains a zero balance.

The Great Depression meant scary times for many households as a period of economic downturn spread throughout the world. Historians trace its start to the "Black Tuesday" stock crash on October 29, 1929, and argue that the resulting global desperation set the stage for World War II.

LeBlanc said her grandparents were fortunate that they didn't have investments and could grow -- or catch -- their own food during the Depression years.

Her grandfather Lester was a "Cajun cowboy" often seen wearing a cowboy hat, and her grandmother Ida was a resourceful woman who spent much of the 1930s working as a store clerk. LeBlanc, always told never to keep credit card debt, heard frightful stories from Ida. iReport.com: See a photo of the happy couple together after all these years

"She remembered vividly the barrels of flour, the bolts of cloth and the hunger in the faces of people as they begged for store credit," LeBlanc said. "The store must have been at least marginally successful, because my grandmother was able to purchase, a piece at a time, a complete six-person setting of Gorham Chantilly silverware for her trousseau, linens and even a Lane cedar chest to house her treasures."

The couple would catch wild hogs, feed them corn for a year and eat them once the wild taste was out of the scavenging animals. They also took advantage of available squirrel meat, a common food in the South at that time.

"It was a uniquely disgusting thing ... to see my grandfather take a stewed, skinned squirrel's head, smack the skull's dome with a heavy silver tablespoon, and dine on the brains," LeBlanc said.

Years after the Depression, LeBlanc's grandparents were well off once again. Ida became a packrat and couldn't help saving what she could. When the family opened up the old cedar chest after she died, they found a decades-old treasure trove of sewing materials and other keepsakes. iReport.com: "My dad used to cry when he spoke of that Great Depression"

The Great Depression turned many Americans into packrats who couldn't bear to part with anything of potential value. They couldn't always afford to buy what they needed.

Pam van Hylckama Vlieg of Williamsburg, Virginia, says her grandfather, Glen Surber, resorted to stealing food at times because he had hit rock-bottom.

Surber left the family behind in Saltville, Virginia, so he could head out to West Virginia's coal mines. After he got laid off, he found himself trying to steal chickens from a nearby farmer to feed his hungry family. He hid behind a tree to wait for nightfall, but his plan was stymied when he found another person lurking in the shadows.

"Both men took off running and then they realized they each thought the other was the farmer, but they were both there to steal a chicken," van Hylckama Vlieg said. "Needless to say, that was another night of water bread." iReport.com: Can you imagine having to steal to eat?

Digging into her memories, van Hylckama Vlieg says her grandfather eventually found a work program after the New Deal and was able to rebuild his life.

She is confident we haven't hit another Depression and that we've learned enough lessons from the past to avoid letting things get as bad as they were before.

"Poppy always said the world turns and everything that has happened would happen again. I am sure if he were still with us today he would be warning us to start a garden and buy some chickens."

Saving is a habitual behavior for those who have lived through the Great Depression, says Anjanette Sanchez of Globe, Arizona. Her grandmother, Vera Vasquez, had a difficult time with the Great Depression and seemed to be scarred by it long after.

"She spoke of the time with great disgust in her voice as if it was the most awful time of her life," Sanchez said. "She mostly spoke of being hungry and having to wear old boots that didn't fit." iReport.com: Read about those times when nothing could be wasted

Vasquez continued to save her things and always kept her freezer packed with food -- like frozen cactus to eat with her scrambled eggs -- because she'd lived through harsh times. There was never room for ice cubes.

"I guess to her, food was more valuable than ice," Sanchez said. "Her motto at the table was to eat as much as you want, but not to waste the food. Take all you want, but eat all you take."

Sanchez now passes on the same ideas to her children and reminds them not to be wasteful. iReport.com: Do you have a story about the Great Depression? Share it with us

Other iReporters had plenty to say, and shared their stories about the lessons they have learned and applied from the Great Depression:

Kimberly Kolaski of Richmond, Virginia, says her family's claim to fame is her great granduncle Paul Satko's remarkable attempt to travel to Alaska in a wooden ark to find land and a better life. He spent a couple of weeks making the treacherous trip on board the boat, termed the Ark of Juneau.

"He was on a mission and he was going to do it no matter what," Kolaski says. She's heard numerous stories about the hardships Satko endured, including being stopped while driving his unusual payload to Seattle, Washington, where the ark was to be launched.

The story is inspirational for the family and provides a sobering lesson about economic security for Kolaski. iReport.com: Find out more about the ark and Satko's travels

"I've learned to put my money away and don't touch it," she says.

Sheila Elrod of Atlanta, Georgia, says many secrets to success have been passed along through the years in her family.

"My grandfather, born in 1898, was an established small businessman by 1929, owning and managing a gas station and grill patronized by the mill workers. As his children and grandchildren grew into adulthood, he reminded us of some guiding principles that he learned during the depression."

Elrod says her grandmother worked inside the nearby mill because people of the time believed that one must "work hard, regardless of your status."

"Oddly enough, she and her sisters were ladies that were taught all the graces of being ladies," Elrod said. "However, here's an example that even ladies didn't shy away from hard work during that time. iReport.com: See a family photo and the mill where Elrod's grandmother worked

Elrod said her grandfather had to be careful to whom he gave credit and learned many smart business secrets along the way. He passed them along to Elrod:

  1. Always do the right thing.
  2. Take care of the customer.
  3. Pay attention to details.
  4. Know the people with whom you are doing business.
  5. NEVER borrow money without a clear plan for how you will pay it back.

Richard Holland of Phoenix, Arizona, says his grandfather packed up a Ford Model T in search of a better life. The family ended up taking shelter in a barn while Orville Holland continued onward to find work.

"In those days, telephones were few and far between across the Great Plains, and months elapsed with no word or money from my grandfather. The coming winter was a serious concern as they considered the threat of living in the unheated barn." iReport.com: Read the story of what it's like to have a family living in a barn

"As fall approached, the story continues that my grandfather returned in a borrowed car. He had walked, hitchhiked and ridden the rails until he secured a job, saving every penny to finally rent a place for his family."

Gayla Uslu of Conyers, Georgia, says she never understood why her grandmother was so big on saving plastic bowls and other packaging until now.

"She grew up in the depression and also lived in a rural area, far from the soup and bread lines in the urban areas. It wasn't just a matter of getting food, it has to be stored and kept long-term as well." iReport.com: Read about the moneysaving tips Uslu has learned

Uslu finds much to learn from her grandmother and catches herself doing the same things that mystified her before.

"Today, I find myself really thinking twice before I throw uneaten food away. Leftovers aren't such a bad idea anymore, and I find myself holding on to a few of those plastic containers myself."



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U.S. regulators are preparing to expand their response to the financial crisis beyond the $700 billion bailout package that was approved by Congress and signed into law earlier this month, sources familiar with the matter said today.

An additional plan is set to be announced soon, most likely tomorrow morning, the sources said on the condition of anonymity.

Some of the sources said they expect the plan would go beyond the bailout by taking steps to shore up interbank lending, bank health as well as possibly expand deposit insurance beyond the current $250,000.

Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke will hold a conference call with the chief executives of the nation's largest banks at 3 p.m. today to brief them on the plan.

Treasury declined to be specific, but in a statement the department said, "Treasury and the Fed are meeting today with leading financial market participants to finalize details on a financial market stabilization initiative."

Three agencies that are involved in the crafting of the plan include the Fed, Treasury and Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.

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The British government said Monday it would provide up to 37 billion pounds in government money to boost the balance sheets of three of Britain's largest banks.
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LONDON, Oct. 13 -- European governments put hundreds of billions of dollars into their banking systems Monday and the U.S. Federal Reserve announced it would back up their effort by making U.S. currency available in unlimited amounts, as efforts continued to strengthen the foundations of the world financial system.

After a weekend of coordinated action among world financial officials, U.S., European and Asian stock markets rose sharply as details of bank rescue plans were unveiled in Europe, and the Fed said it would support the European effort with a steady flow of dollars to support short-term loans of from one to six weeks.

On Wall Street, the Dow Jones industrial average jumped more than 400 points in the first minutes of trading.

The London stock exchange rose more than 5 percent in early morning trading, and French and German stock markets each soared nearly 7 percent. The Japanese stock market was closed today, but other Asian indexes had gains of anywhere from 3 percent to more than 10 percent in Hong Kong.

In London on Monday morning, the British government said it would partially take over several major banks, providing $34 billion to the Royal Bank of Scotland and another $29 billion to Lloyds TSB and HBOS, two banks that are in the process of merging. The move would give the British government about a 60 percent stake in RBS and a 40 percent stake in the bank created by the Lloyds-HBOS merger.

Separately, the cabinet in Germany okayed a plan to guarantee about $500 billion in bank loans and provide about $136 billion in goverment capital to Germany banks. In Paris, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said the French government will make about $54 billion availble to bolster bank capital and offer guarantees to about $436 billion in bank loans.

Details of other government actions are expected later Monday. The moves followed a deal reached Sunday in Paris by European governments who agreed to provide capital for banks and take other steps to restart credit markets so that financial firms will begin lending again to businesses, consumers and one another. Credit markets in recent months have virtually stopped functioning, depriving the world economy of a major source of operating cash.

To undergird the European effort, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced that it would provide dollars "in quantities sufficient to meet demand" for the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the Swiss National Bank. Currency "swap lines" among the central banks have been expanded in recent weeks to ensure an adequate supply of dollars in Europe but were still subject to limits.

But with key central banks there hoping to boost interbank and other lending, the Fed suspended those limits for at least six months.

"Reciprocal currency arrangements . . . will be increased to accommodate whatever quantity of U.S. dollar funding is demanded," the Fed said. The money is put in circulation through short-term loans. The European banks said future dollar loans would be made at a fixed interest rate, rather than auctioned.

The British bank rescue plan announced Monday was the first step in implementing a broad strategy set out last week by Prime Minister Gordon Brown that would provide at least 400 billion pounds, or nearly $690 billion at current exchange rates, in capital and loan guarantees to jump-start bank lending that had all but stopped.

Brown, in an early morning news conference just before financial markets opened in London, said the "unprecedented but essential" measures would ensure that Britain would be the "rock of stability" in the financial crisis sweeping the globe.


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