'Politics'에 해당되는 글 165건

  1. 2008.11.30 Embattled Ex-Adviser's Role by CEOinIRVINE
  2. 2008.11.28 Can Obama's Stimulus Plan Spur Green Jobs in the U.S.? by CEOinIRVINE
  3. 2008.11.28 Think Finding An Inaugural Room Is Hard? Try for a Band. by CEOinIRVINE
  4. 2008.11.27 Iraqis Agree to Put U.S. Troop Withdrawal to National Vote by CEOinIRVINE
  5. 2008.11.27 Obama Taps Volcker to Head Advisory Board by CEOinIRVINE
  6. 2008.11.26 Obama names budget director, promotes restraint by CEOinIRVINE
  7. 2008.11.26 Fed, Treasury Move to Boost Consumer Loans by CEOinIRVINE
  8. 2008.11.25 Meet Team Obama by CEOinIRVINE
  9. 2008.11.25 Democrats' Stimulus Plan May Reach $700 Billion by CEOinIRVINE
  10. 2008.11.25 As Bush's Term Ends, Some Big Names Seek Pardons by CEOinIRVINE
Samantha Power, who resigned as senior foreign policy adviser to Barack Obama, is back on his team. Samantha Power, who resigned as senior foreign policy adviser to Barack Obama, is back on his team

Samantha Power, the Harvard professor who was forced to resign from Barack Obama's presidential campaign last spring after calling Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton "a monster," is now advising the president-elect on transition matters relating to the State Department -- which Clinton is slated to head.

Power is listed on Obama's transition Web site as part of the team reviewing national security agencies. Her duties, according to the site, will be to "ensure that senior appointees have the information necessary to complete the confirmation process, lead their departments, and begin implementing signature policy initiatives immediately after they are sworn in."

In short, she is part of a team that is likely to work directly with Clinton, a potentially awkward situation for the two women. Obama is expected to officially announce Clinton as his choice for secretary of state after the Thanksgiving holiday.

Transition officials declined to comment. A spokesman for Clinton did not respond to an e-mail sent yesterday evening. Power has been on the list of review team officials since mid-November; the Associated Press first called attention to her presence on the list yesterday.

But people close to the transition suggested too much was made of Power's comment at the time, and said that she has made moves to bury the hatchet with Clinton and that the senator accepted those efforts.

If so, that could pave the way for Power to reemerge as a key adviser for the new president after being barred for months from appearing on television as a foreign policy surrogate for Obama.

Power, who is close to Obama, resigned March 7 after being quoted in the Scotsman newspaper saying that Clinton "is a monster" and that "she is stooping to anything. . . . The amount of deceit she has put forward is really unattractive."

The same day the comments were published, Power was forced to resign. In a statement at the time, she said she made "inexcusable remarks that are at marked variance from my oft-stated admiration for Senator Clinton and from the spirit, tenor, and purpose of the Obama campaign."

Then locked in a tight battle with Obama for the Democratic nomination, Clinton responded with a statement urging donors to contribute to show that "there is a price" for the kind of attack politics that Power's comment represented.

After leaving the campaign, Power remained active in the public debate. In an Aug. 13 article in the New York Review of Books, she argued that Obama had an opportunity this year to reverse the decades-long advantage that the Republican Party had with voters on national security and foreign policy issues.

"Although few have focused on this, the Democratic Party today is also in a strong position to show that it will be more reliable in keeping Americans safe during the twenty-first century," she wrote. "If the party succeeds in doing this, it will not only wake up the United States and the world from a long eight-year nightmare; it will also lay to rest the enduring myth that strong and wrong is preferable to smart and right."

Power was at one time considered a contender for a top post in an Obama administration. But her name has not surfaced recently, and she is not listed as a lead official on the State Department review team.

Obama officials have said the review teams will review agency policies, budgets and structures with an eye toward recommending to the new secretaries what is working and what is not.



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http://images.businessweek.com/story/08/370/1126_mz_greenjobs.jpg

Workers examine panel at a factory in China, a leader in solar panel manufacturing Wang Xiaochuan/Xinhua/Sipa

Barack Obama's plan to pull the country out of recession has a strong green hue. Conventional wisdom says Washington won't have the stomach or the dollars to tackle long-term issues like climate change or dependence on foreign oil when the economy is in the tank and oil prices have plunged. Wrong conclusion, Obama says. These problems, "left unaddressed, will continue to weaken the economy and threaten national security," he said on Nov. 18 in a video message to a climate summit meeting in California.


His fix? Obama plans to set ambitious targets for reducing emissions that cause global warming—and to invest $15 billion or more per year in energy efficiency, renewables like wind and solar, biofuels, nuclear power, and "clean" coal. Beyond the environmental benefits, says the President-elect, the investment "will also help us transform our industries and steer our economy out of this economic crisis by generating 5 million new green jobs that pay well and can't be outsourced."

Whether or not a "green" stimulus will create millions of American jobs is hotly debated by economists. On the one hand, the seeds of the transformation have already been planted thanks to market forces, such as overall higher energy prices, and government policies like tax credits for renewable energy. But there are also major questions. Many executives and experts say the most effective policy to push America toward a clean, efficient energy future is putting a price on emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, thus raising the price of energy. That's a tough sell now to Americans struggling to pay their bills. There's also a danger that the government could steer investments to the wrong technologies. Remember synfuels, President Jimmy Carter's experiment to reduce dependence on foreign oil? Most important, a green stimulus plan from Uncle Sam may end up sending billions of dollars to foreign companies instead of to Main Street, since the U.S. lags in such crucial industries as solar panels and wind turbines. Will green technologies become today's VCRs and flat-panel TVs, invented in the U.S. and commercialized elsewhere?

But the fear of enriching overseas companies simply makes a green stimulus more necessary and urgent, proponents argue. Without a plan like Obama's, which would expand U.S. markets for new technologies, American companies may fall even further behind. Michael R. Splinter, CEO of Applied Materials (AMAT) in Santa Clara, Calif., is a believer in the need for government support. Splinter has seen his business of supplying equipment for factories to make solar panels soar beyond his wildest projections. But 97% of the company's equipment goes to foreign manufacturers, who then sell panels in the U.S. It seems like the U.S. has "given up on manufacturing," Splinter laments. "Right now we are on a path to being a second-tier player in clean energy technology."

A plan like Obama's could turbocharge American industries, Splinter and other executives say. Why have European companies become world leaders in wind and solar power? Because a number of governments guarantee that anyone who supplies renewable power to the electric grid will get a premium price for that power. That cost is then passed along to customers.

POLITICAL LAND MINES

Similar incentives could work magic in the U.S., says Lester Brown, president of the Earth Policy Institute. America already has a vibrant green-energy sector, so the transformation could be rapid. There are upward of 3 million Americans employed in green jobs, ranging from renewable-power startups to businesses with products that reduce waste and pollution or boost energy efficiency.

And even when goods come from foreign companies, some of the jobs will be in the U.S. One growing trend is for European and Asian manufacturers to build factories in America so they can be closer to what promises to be the world's largest market.

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Marching bands are tuning instruments and cheerleaders are readying pompoms in anticipation of getting selected to stroll on Pennsylvania Avenue in President-elect Barack Obama's inaugural parade.

Just one hiccup.

If hopes are realized and they get the nod, they've got an even bigger challenge: finding a place to stay within marching -- or driving -- distance to the city.

Band directors, trying to make contingency arrangements, are facing the same struggle as other would-be visitors, with demand high to get near what could be the biggest inaugural celebration in the country's history. It's one thing to find a hotel room for your family or a couch to crash on. It's another to find a block of rooms for a group that may number 200 or more. Plus the drums, tubas and the like.

"The furthest we've ever put a group is Rockville," said Justin Shuler, owner of Group Travel Network, which arranges trips for marching bands and student groups. "Now we're looking at southern Virginia and Pennsylvania. . . . It's impossible to find rooms. It has never been this difficult."

Hotels, he said, are so busy that they don't have to be flexible about a marching band's traveling plans.

The Presidential Inaugural Committee, the group in charge of pulling together the parade and other festivities, is working with city officials to identify alternative accommodations, such as high school gyms and churches that might be suitable for overnight stays.

"Part of our commitment to holding the most open and accessible inaugural activities in history is working closely with officials in the District and surrounding jurisdictions to find creative solutions to the challenge of housing as many of the parade participants who need it," said Josh Earnest, the inaugural committee's director of communications.

Such assistance would be welcomed by parade hopefuls. The District's hotels are just about booked up, along with an additional 70,000 or so hotel rooms in what is known as greater Washington. Houses and condos are getting scooped up on Craigslist.

For the past few weeks, the Lowndes High School marching band, from Valdosta, Ga., has been trying to reserve lodging in hotels around Washington just in case.

The closest they could get? Williamsburg, a 150-mile, 2 1/2 -hour trek to Pennsylvania Avenue on a good day.

"We'll probably leave Williamsburg at 3 or 4 a.m. We're just anticipating the traffic to be horrendous that day," said Charles E. Todd, the school's director of bands.


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U.S. soldiers stand guard during a ceremony for the opening of the headquarters of the local Awakening Council in the dominantly Sunni neighborhood of Fadhil in Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, Nov. 25, 2008. 


U.S. soldiers stand guard during a ceremony for the opening of the headquarters of the local Awakening Council in the dominantly Sunni neighborhood of Fadhil in Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, Nov. 25, 2008. (Karim Kadim - AP)
Iraqi lawmakers postponed until Thursday a scheduled vote on a security agreement that would extend the U.S. military presence in Iraq. But they have agreed to make the pact subject to a national referendum next year that could require a complete American troop withdrawal by July 2010 -- 18 months ahead of what the agreement now envisions.

The referendum was a last-minute concession to Iraq's largest Sunni party, the Iraqi Islamic Party, which has long demanded that the agreement be put to a nationwide vote. "If there is no referendum, we will not vote yes to the agreement," said Omar Abdul Sattar, an Islamic Party lawmaker, speaking before parliament postponed the vote.

The security pact requires that U.S. troops pull out of cities and towns by summer 2009 and withdraw from Iraq by the end of 2011. But if Iraq's public rejects the security agreement in the referendum, scheduled for July next year, U.S. troops would have one year to leave, according to Shiite, Sunni and Kurdish lawmakers.

"We have given guarantees to conduct the referendum and will comply with the result, whatever that may be," said Haider al-Abadi, an influential lawmaker with Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's Dawa Party.

The vote on whether to approve the pact was originally scheduled for Wednesday.

U.S. forces are operating in Iraq under a U.N. mandate that expires at the end of this year. Unlike the mandate, the security pact calls for stricter oversight over U.S. troops and closer cooperation between Iraqi government and the U.S. military.

Iraq's Sunnis are concerned that the security agreement will allow the Shiite-led government to tighten its grip on Iraq. The Sunnis have made their support contingent on political changes that would bring about greater power-sharing among Iraq's sects. They also seek the release of thousands of Sunni detainees in U.S.-run prisons and greater Sunni representation in Iraq's mostly Shiite security forces.

On Wednesday, lawmakers said that two key Sunni demands -- the cancellation of a special criminal court that tries former members of Saddam Hussein's government and the reinstatement of members of Hussein's Baath Party to government jobs -- were still being negotiated. The continuing talks were the key reasons for the postponement of the vote, said Ali Adeeb, a Dawa lawmaker.

The Sunni bloc's 44 votes in the 275-member parliament are insufficient to defeat the security agreement; Shiite and Kurdish parties already claim the simple majority of 138 votes required to approve it. But in accommodating the Sunnis, the ruling coalition is bowing to the wishes of the country's preeminent Shiite spiritual leader, Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani, who has said any deal should have the support of all of Iraq's parties in order to appear legitimate.

Abadi said that after parliament approves the agreement, as is widely expected, it would enact a law to hold the referendum. The Sunnis' political demands would also be voted on separately in parliament.

Mahmoud Othman, an independent Kurdish member of parliament, said lawmakers were still wrangling over the referendum. Iraqi politicians have often reversed their positions at the last minute, and it was possible they would do the same on Thursday, he said.

"The Kurds have no objection on this demand," said Othman. "But I don't think it's realistic to hold a vote in six months. Perhaps a year."

Other lawmakers questioned the legality of holding a referendum on the security agreement. "No article in the constitution allows that," said Muhsin Sadoun al-Karkary, a Kurdish lawmaker and a member of parliament's legal committee. "In case they put in this item of the referendum, then the government should solve this problem later because legally and constitutionally, such a referendum is not allowed."

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President-elect Barack Obama today named former Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker to head a new advisory panel designed to help guide the administration' s efforts to stabilize the nation's struggling financial system and create jobs.

Speaking at his third news conference in three days, Obama said the new Economic Recovery Advisory Board will be responsible for bringing fresh thinking and "vigorous oversight" to the administration's efforts to jumpstart and reshape the nation's economy.

"The reality is that sometimes policymaking in Washington can become too insular," Obama said. "The walls of the echo chamber can sometimes keep out fresh voices and new ways of thinking--and those who serve in Washington don't always have a ground-level sense of which programs and policies are working for people, and which aren't."

Obama has said that soon after he takes office he wants to enact a massive
economic recovery plan that will save or create 2.5 million jobs, through a combination of tax breaks for the middle class and a huge infusion of government spending on infrastructure projects that he hopes will lay the foundation for future economic growth.

He said the new advisory board will help police that effort. It will be headed by Volcker, 81, who was appointed chairman of the Federal Reserve by President Jimmy Carter and reappointed in 1983 by President Ronald Reagan. He served as one of Obama's closest economic advisers during the presidential campaign.

During his tenure as Fed chair, Volcker was confronted with an economic crisis marked by high inflation and stagnant growth, which he battled by raising interest rates. That eventually arrested the problem, but not before the nation endured a deep recession.

Obama said he is modeling the advisory board on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, created by President Eisenhower. It eventually will include a broad cross section of economic stakeholders and researchers , from union members to business owners and university researchers.

"The board will report regularly to me, Vice President-elect Biden and our economic team as we seek to jump-start economic growth," Obama said.

The board's top staff official will be Austan Goolsbee, a University of Chicago economist, who has advised Obama since his 2004 campaign for the U.S. Senate. Obama also named Goolsbee to his three-member Council of Economic Advisers, which will be headed by Christina Romer, a University of California, Berkeley economist.

The advisory board selections are the latest in a series of economic appointments made by Obama this week. Many of the key members of his team have experience working in the Clinton administration, which had led to grumbling in some quarters that Obama is recycling Clinton's team, undercutting his promise of change. But Obama deflected that criticism, saying he is trying to combine experience with new ideas and leadership.

"The last Democratic administration we had was the Clinton administration," Obama said. "And so it would be surprising if I selected a Treasury secretary or a chairman of the National Economic Council at one of the most critical economic times in our history who had no experience in government whatsoever. What we are going to do is combine experience with fresh thinking. But understand where the...vision for change comes from first and foremost. It comes from me."


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President-elect Barack Obama named Peter Orszag as his budget director on Tuesday and said his job will be to conduct a thorough review of federal spending programs, "eliminating those programs we don't need and insisting that those we do need operate in a cost-effective way."

With the economy in crisis, Obama said, "Budget reform is not an option. It's a necessity."


Echoing Abraham Lincoln, Obama added, "I will ask my economic team to think anew and act anew."

Orszag is the director of the Congressional Budget Office, a man who the president-elect said "knows where the bodies are buried."

Obama's focus on careful federal spending marked something of a contrast from Monday, when he declared that restoring the economy to health took priority over the budget deficit. He called on Congress to prepare an economic stimulus program for him to sign as soon after Inauguration day as possible. Estimates of the measure range from $500 billion to $700 billion over two years.

"We are going to have to jump-start the economy ... but we have to make sure that those investments are wise. We have to make sure we are not wasting money in every area," he said Tuesday, defining the two objectives that will guide his economic program.

Elected in an Electoral College landslide, Obama claimed "a mandate to move the country in a new direction and not continue the same old practices that have gotten us into the fix we are in."

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The government introduced a pair of new programs Tuesday that will provide $800 billion to help unfreeze the market for consumer debt which Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson calls vital to supporting the economy.
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The Federal Reserve and Treasury moved today to boost consumer spending and lower home mortgage rates, committing up to $800 billion to make it easier for households to borrow money for cars, tuition bills and new homes as part of a broad effort to rekindle economic growth.

The new program puts the balance sheet of the country's central bank behind two critical but troubled parts of the economy -- consumer spending and housing. It is largely separate from the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program, administered by the Treasury Department and focused on shoring up the country's financial system.

On a day when the Commerce Department announced that the economy contracted more quickly from July through September than initially estimated, Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. said the slowdown made it necessary for the Federal Reserve and Treasury to intervene to boost the "real" economy, just as they did to stabilize banks and financial companies.

"As the economy is turning down, it is very important that lending be available to consumers," Paulson said. "What we are doing is support consumer lending."

A Treasury news release noted that in 2007, about $240 billion in car, student and other consumer loans had been packaged by the companies that issued them into larger securities and sold to investors, who then benefit from the flow of payments from borrowers. That system of packaging and reselling loans keeps money flowing to banks and other lenders, allowing them to make even more money available to consumers.

However it all but stopped over the past two months, leading to rising interest rates, a downturn in lending -- and a risk that economic growth could be dragged down even further.

The Fed said it would provide up to $200 billion to investors who put the money toward consumer loans in the form of credit cards, auto loans and student loans, as well as some forms of small business lending.

The one-year, non-recourse loans are available only for newly issued consumer debt, and are meant to ensure that banks and other institutions remain willing to lend to creditworthy consumers.

The market for those loans "declined precipitously in September and came to a halt in October," the Fed said in a news release this morning. "Continued disruption of these markets could significantly limit the availability of credit to households and small businesses and thereby contribute to further weakening of U.S. economic activity."

The Fed's consumer lending program is partially backed by $20 billion from the TARP, which will be used to absorb losses on the program up to that amount. The Fed loans to investors will earn interest and also a fee from those who take advantage of it.

Paulson said the initial $200 billion "is a starting point" and could grow over time.

In addition to consumer spending, the Fed announced it would buy up to $100 billion in mortgages held by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Loan Bank in an effort increase the flow of money into the housing markets and lower interest rates. The Fed will also buy another $500 billion in bundles of mortgage-backed securities issued by the agencies.



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Meet Team Obama

Politics 2008. 11. 25. 03:27

The president-elect introduces his economy squad. They'll be busy. Here's where to start.

President-elect Barack Obama has named several key members of his economic team, sending a sign to markets that he's moving swiftly to shore up the economy.

As expected, New York Federal Reserve President Timothy Geithner has been tapped as the next Treasury secretary, and former Treasury secretary Lawrence Summer will take the reins as the director of the National Economic Council. University of California-Berkeley economics professor Christina Romer has been nominated as director of the Council of Economic Advisers. Melody Barnes, an Obama adviser and former counsel for Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., has been nominated as the director of the Domestic Policy Council. Heather Higginbotham, also an Obama adviser and former staffer for Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., will be Barnes' deputy.

Missing from the list: New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, who was reportedly offered the position of secretary of commerce; University of Chicago economist Austan Goolsbee, who is expected to take a slot on the Council of Economic Advisers; and Congressional Budget Office Director Peter Orszag, who has reportedly been selected as director of the president's Office of Management and Budget.

"I've sought leaders who could offer both sound judgment and fresh thinking, both a depth of experience and a wealth of bold new ideas," Obama said in a Chicago press conference. The president-elect said that all of these nominees "share my fundamental belief that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers." (Full Text: Obama's Economic Team Announcement)

Despite the impressive credentials of this group, what is more important is what they will do with the economic hand they have been dealt. Late Sunday, Uncle Sam agreed to lend troubled Citigroup (nyse: C - news - people ) an additional $20 billion from its bailout purse and to backstop $306 billion of the firm's troubled loans and securities.

Meanwhile, last week, the heads of General Motors (nyse: GM - news - people ), Chrysler and Ford Motor (nyse: F - news - people ) returned to Detroit, discouraged that they were unable to convince Congress (at least for now) of the need to direct $25 billion in bailout money their way. Aside from a late afternoon rally Friday on the news of Geithner's appointment, equity markets continue to plunge.

Obama at least has seized the moment. Over the weekend, he announced broad plans for a two-year economic stimulus plan that would create 2.5 million jobs. Initial analyses put the price tag anywhere between $500 billion and $700 billion, dwarfing the $150 billion stimulus proposal he put forth on the campaign trail.




 

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Facing an increasingly ominous economic outlook, President-elect Barack Obama and other Democrats are rapidly ratcheting up plans for a massive fiscal stimulus program that could total as much as $700 billion over the next two years.

That amount, more than the nation has spent over the past six years in Iraq, would rival the sum Congress committed last month to rescuing the country's financial system. It would also be one of the biggest public spending programs aimed at jolting the economy since President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.

Hints of a hefty new spending program began emerging last week. New Jersey Gov. Jon Corzine (D), an Obama adviser, and Harvard economist Lawrence H. Summers, whom Obama has chosen to lead his White House economic team, both raised the possibility of $700 billion in new spending. Yesterday, Obama adviser and former Clinton administration Labor secretary Robert Reich and Sen. Charles E. Schumer (D-N.Y.) also called for spending in the range of $500 billion to $700 billion.

Transition officials would not confirm that they are considering spending of that magnitude, but they made clear that economic conditions are dire, and suggested that Obama might be forced to delay his pledge to repeal President Bush's tax cuts for the wealthy.

Last week, Goldman Sachs said it expects the economy to shrink even faster by the end of the year, at a 5 percent annualized rate. Meanwhile, the Dow Jones industrial average dropped 5.3 percent for the week; and the nation's largest bank, Citigroup, sought government assistance to avoid collapse.

While Obama has set a goal of creating or preserving 2.5 million jobs by 2011, his economic team -- whose members are scheduled to be formally introduced at a news conference today in Chicago -- have yet to decide how that would be accomplished or how much it would cost.

Still, Austan Goolsbee, a spokesman for Obama on economic issues who is in line to serve on the White House Council of Economic Advisers, yesterday acknowledged that Obama's jobs plan will cost substantially more than the $175 billion stimulus program he proposed during the campaign.

"This is as big of an economic crisis as we've faced in 75 years. And we've got to do something that's up to the task of confronting that," Goolsbee said on CBS's "Face the Nation." "I don't know what the exact number is, but it's going to be a big number."

Republicans quickly criticized the idea of such a vast initiative, saying Congress should instead cut taxes to spur economic growth.

"Democrats can't seem to stop trying to outbid each other -- with the taxpayers' money," House Minority Leader John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) said in a statement. "We're in tough economic times. Folks are hurting. But the American people know that more Washington spending isn't the answer."

With financial markets fluctuating wildly and unemployment rising, Democrats want to push a stimulus package through Congress in January and have it ready for Obama's signature when he takes office Jan. 20. Over the weekend, the president-elect announced that he had instructed his advisers to assemble a massive jobs program that also would make a "down payment" on much of his domestic agenda.

The plan would include new funding for public-works projects to repair the nation's crumbling infrastructure, as well as a fresh infusion of cash to promote green technology and alternative-energy sources. It also would include targeted tax cuts for working families, students, the elderly and job-creating businesses that Obama touted on the campaign trail.

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(Lenny Ignelzi - AP)

With a backlog of applications piled up at the Justice Department, high-profile criminals and their well-connected lawyers increasingly are appealing directly to President Bush for special consideration on pardons and clemency, according to people involved in the process.

Among those seeking presidential action are former junk-bond salesman Michael Milken, who hired former solicitor general Theodore B. Olson, one of the nation's most prominent GOP lawyers, to plead his case for a pardon on 1980s-era securities fraud charges. Two politicians convicted of public corruption, former congressman Randy "Duke" Cunningham (R-Calif.) and four-term Louisiana governor Edwin W. Edwards (D), are asking Bush to shorten their prison terms.

It remains to be seen how Bush will respond to these requests as his term ends. The president has used his broad pardon powers rarely during seven years in office, granting 157 pardons out of 2,064 petitions, and only six of 7,707 requests for commutations, according to an analysis by former Justice Department lawyer Margaret C. Love.

Aggressive appeals for clemency at the end of an administration are not unusual, but they can raise concerns about influence peddling and fairness, particularly if the president and his legal advisers are not fully transparent, pardon scholars say.

During his last days in office, President Bill Clinton prompted congressional and federal investigations by pardoning 140 people, including his brother, former Arkansas real estate partner Susan McDougal and fugitive financier Marc Rich. White House officials and former deputy attorney general Eric H. Holder Jr., now a contender for attorney general under President-elect Barack Obama, testified about the last-minute pardons in fiery congressional hearings.

Bush has not mentioned pardons often, but in a statement released in July 2007, he said "the Constitution gives the President the power of clemency to be used when he deems it to be warranted."

White House spokesman Tony Fratto said, "Generally the president will review pardon recommendations as he has throughout his presidency, in a thoughtful way . . . on a case-by-case basis, and he'll make his determination."

Not all prominent criminals chose to seek presidential intervention. Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens, a powerful Republican, told reporters this week that he would not ask Bush to pardon him on his recent seven-count felony conviction.

Onetime vice presidential aide I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, whose prison term Bush commuted last year, has not submitted a formal pardon request, the Justice Department said.

Efforts by high-profile felons come as a list of more routine applicants awaits action from a special Justice Department pardons office, a process that may take up to 18 months. Last month alone, 103 felons submitted pardon applications and 280 sought commutation of their prison terms, according to department statistics. Those figures stack atop an already daunting backlog of hundreds more petitions.

The overwhelming majority of petitioners are not household names. Rather, they are people who served prison time for garden-variety fraud or drug offenses and now seek the president's help so they can vote, live in public housing, own handguns or find jobs.

Clemency is the umbrella term for people seeking presidential relief after being convicted of a felony crime. Some applicants request their sentences be commuted, or shortened, by White House action. Others seek a formal pardon, described by one former Justice Department official as "an official statement of forgiveness."








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