'How'에 해당되는 글 20건

  1. 2008.12.10 How to prepare for February's digital-TV switchover by CEOinIRVINE
  2. 2008.12.10 Suze Orman: How To Be Smarter Than The CEOs by CEOinIRVINE 1
  3. 2008.12.04 How To Automate Chaos by CEOinIRVINE
  4. 2008.11.29 How To Channel Your Entrepreneurial Ego by CEOinIRVINE
  5. 2008.11.23 How To Channel Your Entrepreneurial Ego by CEOinIRVINE
  6. 2008.11.22 How Your Data Can Get Loose by CEOinIRVINE
  7. 2008.11.17 How To Stay Cool On The Job by CEOinIRVINE
  8. 2008.11.12 Unemployment: How to Slow the Bleeding by CEOinIRVINE
  9. 2008.11.12 tomcat 5 centos 4 by CEOinIRVINE
  10. 2008.10.22 Low marks for Paulson, bailout by CEOinIRVINE

(CNET) -- Television as we know is about to change drastically in the U.S. in February when broadcasters switch solely to transmitting digital signals. And even though there are many benefits to this transition, there are also a few downsides.

On February 17, U.S. broadcasters will begin transmitting their TV signals only in digital format.

On February 17, U.S. broadcasters will begin transmitting their TV signals only in digital format.

Here's the lowdown on what you can expect from the new digital TV service, the good, the bad, and the ugly.

First, let's start with the good. On February 17, broadcasters throughout the country will flip a switch turning off their old analog TV transmitters, and they will begin transmitting their TV signals only in digital format. Over 90 percent of TV stations today already broadcast both analog and digital stations, which means that consumers don't have to wait until February to test and tweak their TVs to get digital TV.

For the most part, the switch to digital TV will benefit all Americans, regardless of whether they watch over-the-air TV.

Digital signals use wireless spectrum much more efficiently than analog signals, which is why the government mandated the switch in the first place. Congress set the February 17, 2009, deadline so that the government could free up wasted spectrum so that it could be used to build more robust emergency wireless networks, as well as provide the private sector with more spectrum that could be used to develop new wireless broadband services.

The government has already auctioned off most of the unused spectrum. And after February, service providers who won licenses in those auctions will be able to get to work building their next-generation wireless networks.

For over-the-air TV viewers, the switch to digital also has many benefits, including sharper pictures, better sound quality, and more content. Using analog signals, broadcasters can only transmit one channel of content at a time.

But with digital signals, broadcasters can transmit multiple channels at once. In fact, many broadcasters have already launched three or four separate digital channels, each carrying programming of interest to diverse communities. And because there is more bandwidth available, broadcasters are also transmitting some of these channels in high-definition.

In some cases if consumers have a high-definition TV, they'll even be able to get some HD channels for free. For example, all the major networks--ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC--transmit some shows over the air in HD. This means that many consumers will be able to access HD content without subscribing to a pricey cable package.

"Digital broadcast will vastly improve free TV viewing," said Graham Jones, the director of communications engineering for the science and technology department of the National Association of Broadcasters. "All the networks are broadcasting in HD, and viewers can receive it for nothing. They don't have to pay a cent. And with modern receivers and antennas, reception is very solid."

Better for many, not all

But with the good, also comes some bad. Unfortunately, not everyone in every corner of the U.S. will experience all the great benefits of digital TV. Because analog signals transmit over longer distances than digital signals, some over-the-air viewers living in rural areas may find that they do not get all the same channels they were able to when they received analog TV.

This scenario is mostly true for people who already receive weak analog TV signals. For example, if someone generally gets a snowy or fuzzy picture using an antenna to receive an analog TV signal, there's a good chance that the viewer won't be able to receive the digital signal at all.

"Some people may have been able to put up with a poor analog signal, because the receiver still received the transmission, albeit in a fuzzy form," Jones said. "But if a digital signal is weak, the receiver can't decode it, and the transmission stops, which means people simply get a blank screen."

This is exactly what happened to some viewers in Wilmington, North Carolina, when the Federal Communications Commission and local broadcasters tested turning off their analog signals earlier this year.

Broadcasters have tried to compensate for this issue by boosting transmission power, but Jones said because digital and analog signals are broadcast at different frequencies it may be difficult to replicate broadcasts exactly, which means some people may be left without some channels they could have received with analog transmissions.

The issues won't be limited to rural consumers. Some city dwellers may also have trouble receiving certain channels. Even though people living in a city such as New York or Chicago will likely be able to receive strong digital broadcast signals, they could fall victim to other issues that preclude them from receiving certain channels further up the dial. The reason is simple. Channels broadcast at higher frequencies don't go around buildings or through walls as easily, and this could disrupt transmission.

Consumers may have to do a little research

But consumers shouldn't throw their hands up in defeat too quickly. With a little investigation and a few extra dollars spent on new equipment, even viewers in some challenging geographies could still receive a good quality digital TV experience.

So what's a consumer to do? First, consumers who rely on over-the-air broadcasts need to determine whether they want to keep their old analog TVs or invest in new digital or high-definition TVs. If a consumer keeps his old analog TV, the government is offering $40 coupons to help defray the cost of buying a digital converter box, which attaches to the TV and costs about $60.

These boxes essentially turn an old TV into one that can view digital signals. If he is already getting a good analog signal, he'll likely be able to keep the same antenna for the digital service. But if he was already getting a poor signal, Jones recommends upgrading to a better antenna.

But Jones also emphasizes that to get the best digital TV experience consumers should buy a new digital or high-definition TV. As of March 1, 2007, all television reception devices, which includes TVs, VCRs, and DVRs, sold in the U.S. have been required by law to contain a digital tuner. And with smaller HDTVs selling for as little as $400 or $500, high definition has also become an affordable feature.

But even with a new digital TV, Jones said that consumers will still need an antenna to receive the over-the-air signals. For help in determining which kind of outdoor antenna you might need, check out AntennaWeb.org. This is a Web site set up by NAB and the Consumer Electronics Association that allows consumers to enter their address and provide details about their immediate surroundings, such as how many trees or tall buildings are nearby, to help determine which type of antenna would be best.

Jones also recommends that before consumers buy a new antenna they try their old one first. Several retailers, including Best Buy, are offering workshops around the country to provide information to consumers. There is also information on the Web site DTVanswers.com.

And Jones suggests that consumers call their local broadcast stations directly to figure out in which direction they should point their antenna for the best reception. Local broadcasters will also be able to provide information about whether consumers are even within range to receive the new digital signal.

"There are some 1,700 broadcasters in the U.S.," Jones said. "The local stations will know better than we will how to help viewers in their specific region. So if people have questions, they should call their local broadcasters. And these broadcasters should be available and able to help them."

Several local stations have already set up hotlines for consumers to call. And broadcasters around the country have been "soft" testing the transition. During these tests, broadcasters turn off their analog signals. If consumers are still trying to view the channel using an analog TV, a screen will pop up where the program had been informing viewers of the deadline and how to get ready for the digital switch.

A bill passed in the U.S. Senate last week that would require some broadcasters to offer this information screen to viewers for 30 days after the February 17 deadline. The measure must still pass the House of Representatives before it becomes law.

But even if it does become law, Jones said that not every broadcaster would be able to continue broadcasting the message over its analog channel, because as of that date, new spectrum holders will have access to those airwaves. Instead, he has been encouraging viewers not to wait until the deadline to test their digital TV readiness.

"Broadcasters are already transmitting digital signals today," he said. "So there's no reason for people to wait until February to make their equipment tweaks and start benefiting from digital."

'Business' 카테고리의 다른 글

Sony Slimming Down  (0) 2008.12.10
Employment  (0) 2008.12.10
Obama outlines initiative to create 2.5 million jobs  (0) 2008.12.10
Violence flares at Greek teen's funeral  (0) 2008.12.10
Suze Orman: How To Be Smarter Than The CEOs  (1) 2008.12.10
Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

Suze Orman will be a guest on Larry King Live Tuesday.

She is a well-known personal finance expert, and host of The Suze Orman Show on CNBC.

Suze’s commentary is a Larry King Live Blog exclusive.

Last week I watched the CEOs of the big three automakers testify before Congress. Testify is being kind, as what they really seemed to be doing was begging for money. All because their companies refused to invest in what they had to know was true, for more than 20 years.artsuzeorman

Those supposedly smart CEOs that you are programmed to believe are smarter than you, didn’t follow the simple law of making choices that are based on fact, on what is known. We have known for years that oil is a limited commodity, yet Detroit did not aggressively pursue higher fuel efficiency (and don’t get me started on the fact that Congress didn’t exactly push them in that direction). They saw their competitive edge erode to foreign car manufacturers, yet they didn’t manage their business to adapt to that competition. And in the process they turned off their main client: Americans, who refused to support products that they now judge to be of inferior quality.

They saw the marketing surveys; they knew they were losing ground to the competition, yet it sure doesn’t seem like they made the massive changes necessary to reinvent themselves for an evolving auto industry.

Yet, I firmly believe that as incompetent and clueless as they were, now is not the time to let the Big Three fail. We as a nation can’t afford the impact of all the lost jobs: both those employed directly by Chrysler, Ford and General Motors, and the millions more whose livelihood is linked to the industry.

Yes, we should all be mad and annoyed that we have to bail out these companies that have been run with an indifference to tackling what is known. My hope is that at the very least, any federal aid will come with serious requirements, oversight and regulations. What is needed is that these CEO’s finally get their heads out of the sand and make the known changes that have always been needed and start running these companies like this is 2008 not 1958.

In the meantime, as I was watching the Congressional hearing I was thinking about you, and how my wish is that you act far more intelligently than the auto CEOs this holiday season. I hope that you have the fortitude and foresight to make choices based on what you know is true today.

  • You know you need to build an emergency savings fund that can cover six to eight months of living expenses; so you and your family will be okay if you are laid off.
  • You know you need to get serious-finally-about tackling your credit card debt, because you understand how a high unpaid balance can mean big trouble in 2009.
  • You know you need to invest more for retirement to have any shot at living comfortably later in life.
  • You know you need to sit down with your child and discuss how much you can honestly afford to cover for college

If you honestly know all that, you will not spend money on holiday shopping that should instead be used to build financial security. If you know all that, you will take actions based on what you know so you never have to turn to anyone for a bailout (as if you could get one). Stop looking up to the CEOs of the world as if they are smarter than you. If they are so smart, why have they run their companies into the ground? I want better for you and your family. Focus on what you know you have to do to build security and you will give your family the most wonderful gift of all.

Happy Holidays.
– Suze


Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

How To Automate Chaos

Business 2008. 12. 4. 00:02

In 2005, McKinsey & Co. made a big splash with the concept of tacit interactions, processes that can't be automated in a step-by-step manner. Examples include negotiating a deal, managing staff, writing a blog, providing great customer service and selling a product.

Tacit interactions are carried out by knowledge workers who assemble information from a variety of sources and perform tasks that may be done differently each time. Tacit interactions involve improvisation, taking action and moving forward based on what you find out.


The inputs and end state of a tacit interaction may be well defined, and it may be surrounded by documented processes. For example, the hiring process often starts with a job description that may go through a step-by-step process to gain approval to hire. But once résumés start coming in, the tacit interaction begins as the hiring team evaluates qualifications, performs interviews, checks references; and the process ebbs and flows based on many factors.

This week the JargonSpy looks at techniques and technologies to support the collaboration and analysis needed for tacit interactions. These techniques and technologies add just enough structure to amplify productivity without strangling the ad hoc nature of complicated tasks.

McKinsey estimated that as of 2000, about 44% of workers focused on transactional interactions (step-by-step processes) while about 15% focused on transformational activities that change something in the physical world. Tacit interactions stood at 41% but are on the rise, accounting for 70% of newly created jobs. Industries dominated by tacit interactions have a much larger spread between top performers and laggards, which suggests a big payoff for performing them well.

An important category of tacit interactions relates to handling exceptions. Ross Mayfield, founder of the software start-up Socialtext, points out that e-mail about exceptions makes up a large proportion of corporate inboxes. Mayfield's view is that transactional work involves process, or how work is supposed to get done, while tacit work in handling exceptions deals with practice, or how work really gets done. A growing body of research suggests that advantage accrues to companies that effectively learn from exceptions.

But how do you do a better job? Three approaches seem to be promising for different reasons.

Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

"Let me show you the future."

Every entrepreneur believes that one day he or she will be able to make this statement. The goal of my new column, Head Coach, is to explain why this is so; what drives entrepreneurs to dream that particular dream; what psychological hurdles stand in the way; and, with any luck, how to clear them.

My fascination with entrepreneurs and what makes them tick began 20 years ago after reading a quote from Abraham Zalenik, a psychoanalyst and a former professor at Harvard Business School: "To understand the entrepreneur, you first have to understand the psychology of the juvenile delinquent."

Not long after, I began hosting forums for business groups like the Young President's Organization. Since then, I have consulted for and coached scores of entrepreneurs whose most compelling dream was to create a better future. My columns will draw upon these experiences, as well as the work spent building the course, "Entpreneurial Psychology," that I taught at UCLA's Anderson School of Management.

In Pictures: Are You Born To Be A Billionaire

In Pictures: Secrets Of The Self-Made 2008

Two decades later, I can tell you that Zalenik had it right--to a point. Entrepreneurs do often behave like "acting-out" youths. But whereas juvenile delinquents tend to have little capacity for empathy and altruism, entrepreneurs also tend to be hard-wired for philanthropy.

Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

Tackling the psychological side of running a small business.

Dr. Steven Berglas
pic

"Let me show you the future."

Every entrepreneur believes that one day he or she will be able to make this statement. The goal of my new column, Head Coach, is to explain why this is so; what drives entrepreneurs to dream that particular dream; what psychological hurdles stand in the way; and, with any luck, how to clear them.



My fascination with entrepreneurs and what makes them tick began 20 years ago after reading a quote from Abraham Zalenik, a psychoanalyst and a former professor at Harvard Business School: "To understand the entrepreneur, you first have to understand the psychology of the juvenile delinquent."

Not long after, I began hosting forums for business groups like the Young President's Organization. Since then, I have consulted for and coached scores of entrepreneurs whose most compelling dream was to create a better future. My columns will draw upon these experiences, as well as the work spent building the course, "Entpreneurial Psychology," that I taught at UCLA's Anderson School of Management.

In Pictures: Are You Born To Be A Billionaire

In Pictures: Secrets Of The Self-Made 2008

Two decades later, I can tell you that Zalenik had it right--to a point. Entrepreneurs do often behave like "acting-out" youths. But whereas juvenile delinquents tend to have little capacity for empathy and altruism, entrepreneurs also tend to be hard-wired for philanthropy.

'Business' 카테고리의 다른 글

Fuel Tax Is Coming To China  (0) 2008.11.23
Duke Tapped As Wal-Mart Chief  (0) 2008.11.23
Geithner's Treasury  (0) 2008.11.23
General Motors bd weighs bankruptcy as option-WSJ  (0) 2008.11.23
Obama says drafting bold economic stimulus  (0) 2008.11.23
Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

How Your Data Can Get Loose

Ed Sperling, 11.21.08, 04:00 PM EST

The ways in which your data can wind up in other people's hands is multiplying.

Locking up personal data is like putting a lock on your front door: It may deter some people, but professionals will break a window. If they really want to get in, they'll resort to more violent entries such as tunneling through the floor, smashing the walls or chopping a hole in the ceiling.

Nothing's different in cyberspace--except that the chances of getting caught are lower than in the physical world. In some countries, cyber-attacks aren't even illegal. And to make matters worse, it can be done remotely and hit many more victims with a single blow.

In Pictures: Protect Yourself From ID Theft

Article Controls

Ian odd bit of protection for the criminals: If a cyberhacker is based in country that doesn't make data snatching illegal, then he can't be prosecuted even if he preys on people elsewhere, notes John Stewart, chief security officer at Cisco Systems (nasdaq: CSCO - news - people ). "Even if [an attack] violates the victim's law, it may not be illegal where it was done," he says.

That means protecting yourself--your identity, your company's data, even your health--becomes an imperative.

As more devices rely on software, malicious code has crept into surprising places. Buyers of Insignia electronic picture frames, for instance, got more than they bargained for last Christmas. The frames came pre-infected with a virus. Best Buy (nyse: BBY - news - people ) recalled the frames, but the damage was done. The good news is, it could have been worse.

"The number of attack vectors and techniques continue to multiply," says Josh Corman, principal security strategist at IBM (nyse: IBM - news - people ). "No matter how good your perimeter defenses are, as soon as someone uploads pictures of their kids and their grandkids you could have a hardware-based Trojan in a USB."

Significantly more dangerous is the possibility of infecting medical devices. (MIT was researching a piece of malicious code embedded into pacemakers.) "Imagine what would happen if you suddenly shut down all the pacemakers at the G8 Summit," Corman says. "There is a whole market for certified, pre-owned technology that comes pre-infected. It's a very attractive, bottoms-up infection method."

Conspiracy-minded technology developers have long sounded the alarm about technology backdoors--ways into data stored on devices that buyers never knew existed. Apple (nasdaq: AAPL - news - people ) confirmed last summer that there is a backdoor for the iPhone that allows Apple to remove illegally downloaded programs whenever it chooses. That measure helps Apple protect intellectual property. But given the complex global supply chain of parts that go into most products, unknown backdoors created by companies with unknown backgrounds and connections may pockmark final systems.

And then there is the human element. Many crimes are inside jobs. And a networked corporate enterprise means every computer on the network--sometimes measured in the hundreds of thousands, with even more global access points--is potentially a way into private customer data or corporate intellectual property.

Banks, retailers and even local supermarkets have access to at least some personal information for customers, and some have far more access than they should have. And it doesn't take a top executive to, say, add an in-line keystroke monitor--a device no larger than the tip of your finger--on a device cord or a keyboard to record all the strokes. Alternatively, they can replace a mouse with one that has built-in memory. Security experts say this already is happening.

Employees can also become unwitting assistants for cyberhackers. IBM's Corman says one extremely successful trick among cyberthieves is to drop USB drives in a parking lot where workers gather to smoke. "They invariably grab it. 'Oh, a free USB. I wonder what's on it?' The penetration of these kinds of attacks is very high."

Some companies such as large banks have disabled USB drives as a security precaution. But employees may also take such "found" drives home, and they often log on to the corporate network from their home computers.

Simply sloppiness of employees can also endanger your private data. Overworked or careless employees can misplace a CD containing private information by leaving it in the pocket of an airplane seat or somewhere else outside of the corporation. The Bank of New York Mellon (nyse: BK - news - people ), for instance, recently notified customers that it had lost tapes containing customers' personal information en route to a storage facility. Many other such errors, however, are never reported.

Bottom line: Even those companies that do have a security policy may discover that their rules about who has access to data are not effective, particularly at a time when companies are laying off employees.

"The highest risk factor is the carbon-based units--humans," says Michelle Dennedy, chief data and privacy officers at Sun Microsystems (nasdaq: JAVA - news - people ). "It's getting them to think about all the risks. The technology usually does what you tell it to do. Where the risk comes in from the technology is failure to finish the last mile."

 

'Business' 카테고리의 다른 글

Stocks rally on Treasury secretary talk  (0) 2008.11.22
Street's Rally Can't Lift Citigroup  (0) 2008.11.22
Meta Data: iPhone 2.2  (0) 2008.11.22
Nokia Designs The Future  (0) 2008.11.21
Why Dell Can't Keep Up With HP  (0) 2008.11.21
Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l
pic
In Pictures:
Seven Work-Stress Relievers
Star Athletes On Staying Cool Under Pressure

Think you're stressed? Try a day in the life of Rich Gelfond, co-chief executive of IMAX, the large-format film company.

Take Nov. 5, for instance. After his usual 6 a.m. stint at the gym, Gelfond joined his board of directors and audit committee for a two-hour meeting. From there, he headed to a three-hour meeting to finalize third-quarter financials to be announced the next day. In the afternoon, he wrote a script for the conference call and practiced fielding tough questions with his public relations team, all while battle-planning with film executives preparing to launch Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa in 35 newly outfitted digital-projection Regal theaters--IMAX's (nasdaq: IMAX - news - people ) biggest opening to date.

That's pressure. But you don't need to be a top executive like Gelfond to feel stressed out on the job. The American Institute of Stress estimates that stress costs U.S. corporations $300 billion annually in health care costs, turnover and absenteeism.

In Pictures: Seven Work-Stress Relievers

In Pictures: 10 Star Atheletes On Staying Cool Under Pressure

How to cope? We spoke with psychologists and sports stars to find some helpful tactics--no heavy pharmaceuticals allowed. In calmer moments, much of this might seem like common sense. But if you think you've heard it all before, ask yourself: How often do you actually follow the advice?

In the short term, coping with stress is about finding release--or at least some semblance of it. When Gelfond is at his busiest--bouncing between meetings, grappling with the latest technology and dealing with investors--he makes sure he gets an hour in the gym before he starts his day. "Not only do [my workouts] help me to relieve existing stress, they increase my ability to deal with problems that arise throughout the day," he says.



'Business' 카테고리의 다른 글

SAP and Microsoft, Watch Your Back  (0) 2008.11.17
Top Republican senators oppose automaker bailout  (0) 2008.11.17
India's 40 Richest  (0) 2008.11.17
2009's Most Fuel-Efficient Vehicles  (0) 2008.11.17
Save the Planet, Save Some Cash  (0) 2008.11.17
Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

In crafting a spending plan, federal officials must choose between measures that give a fast lift to the economy and those that create sustainable new jobs

http://images.businessweek.com/story/08/600/1111_jobs.jpg

Spending on infrastructure projects figures to be part of any economic stimulus package Congress considers. Chris Hondros/Getty Images



It's now become apparent that the most painful part of the economic downturn—the part where many thousands of people lose their jobs—is picking up speed. On Friday, Nov. 7, the Labor Dept. announced that this year through October the U.S. economy lost 1.2 million jobs. That brought the unemployment rate to 6.5%—its highest level since 1994. Add to that a stream of recent layoff announcements (BusinessWeek.com, 10/20/08) by the likes of Merck (MRK), General Electric (GE), and Yahoo (YHOO). Just this week, DHL (DPWGN.DE) announced it would cut 9,500 jobs as it pulled out of express package delivery in the U.S.

In his press conference on Nov. 7, President-elect Barack Obama said that passing an economic stimulus plan would be his first priority as President. "The American people need help," said Obama. "This economy is in bad shape." A stimulus package of very large government spending projects is almost certain, if not in the lame-duck congressional session beginning Nov. 17, then immediately after Obama takes office on Jan. 20.

Some of the likely congressional actions will address the immediate needs of those who are without work. It is likely to enact a package that includes extending the period in which the unemployed can draw benefits, from 26 weeks to up to 39 weeks.

Heavy Dose of Job Creation

But beyond that, there are conflicting views on which spending is the most likely to create jobs, how soon, and for whom.

Taxpayer money can be used in several ways to aid the job market—directly, by creating jobs or investing in companies that will hire people to build things; and indirectly, putting cash in people's pockets in hopes that they spend it and maintain jobs down the line. Many Republicans argue that the government is better off cutting taxes; the party has put forward ideas like doubling the child tax credit and temporarily scrapping the capital-gains tax.

But with an incoming Democratic Administration and Democrat-dominated Congress, an economic stimulus bill will likely have a heavy dose of job creation and increased benefits for the jobless.

Focus on Infrastructure and Energy

On the campaign trail, Obama proposed creating jobs in two main areas: infrastructure and energy. For infrastructure, he suggested the U.S. create a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank, an independent entity that would receive $60 billion over 10 years from the federal government to finance transportation infrastructure projects. He said this plan would create up to 2 million new direct and indirect jobs and stimulate approximately $35 billion per year in new economic activity.

In October, U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) unveiled a $150 billion stimulus plan that includes infrastructure spending and federal support to states governments, which Obama backed. The U.S. House had passed a stimulus bill in September with $18.5 billion for infrastructure projects, but Republicans opposed it.

The Bush Administration's Transportation Dept. has criticized such proposals, saying that building or rebuilding highways, bridges, and train systems requires a long series of steps to plan, design, get environmental clearance, and construct. Jack Wells, the department's economist, says that only 27% of the funds being proposed in the Pelosi package would be disbursed within a year.

Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

tomcat 5 centos 4

IT 2008. 11. 12. 10:22

Howto install Tomcat 5 on CentOS 4

Posted by Jason on Saturday, October 14, 2006

Howto install  tomcat 5 on CentOS 4

This howto is assuming that you have a working, minimal installation of CentOS.  I will repeat that because if not properly understood it will cause you lots of headaches later.  A MINIMAL installation of CentOS.  This means that when you are doing your installation, you should scroll to the bottom and check that pretty little box that says  "minimal" so that only the bare essentials are installed.  We will let yum take care of the rest.


The first thing that we have to do is set up out yum repositories so that we can find the packages to be downloaded.  The jpackage repository makes this very easy and we will install this one first.  All of the repositories are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory.  To install the repository for jpackage, which contains all of the java goodies, simply:


cd /etc/yum.repos.d

wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://jpackage.org/jpackage.repo


Other repo's you will want to install are:


wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://centos.karan.org/kbsingh-CentOS-Extras.repo

wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://www.sipfoundry.org/pub/sipX/3.2/sipx-centos.repo

wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d http://dev.centos.org/centos/4/CentOS-Testing.repo

Edit the jpackage.repo file you retrieved and enable the repositories appropriate to your distribution.  In the case of CentOS I set
 enabled=1 on the jpackage-rhel sections. 

The JPackage RPMs are digitally signed using a GPG key, import their key into your RPM keyring

rpm --import http://jpackage.org/jpackage.asc

Import extra keys

rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY
rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4

Before being able to use the new repositories you'll need to build a local cache of their metadata, running this will access the mirrors and might take some time depending on your connection and CPU speed.

yum makecache

Check to see if we have necessary packages to manipulate the RPM's

rpm -qi rpm-build
rpm -qi fedora-rpmdevtools

If not, get them:


yum install fedora-rpmdevtools rpm-build


Get some devel tools:

yum install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake libtool subversion
yum install rpm-build doxygen fedora-rpmdevtools

Install java tools:

yum install ant-commons-logging ant-junit ant-trax ant-nodeps 
yum install jakarta-commons-beanutils jakarta-commons-collections

Please read the man page for alternatives:

man alternatives

Next, since Sun does not make available its jdk via yum, you have to go to the sun site and download it.  If you point your browser over to:


http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp


You can download the one you see fit.  I downloaded JDK 5.0 Update 7, which at the time of this howto was the current one.  When you see the Sun download page, accept the agreement and pick the "Linux RPM in self-extracting file"  (the one that ends in rpm.bin).


When your Sun JDK Linux RPM self-extracting file finally arrives you need to execute it, since it is a shell script. It contains the license agreement and the compressed RPM package with Sun JDK. It will ask you if you agree to the long license. Say yes, then it will uncompress the RPM with JDK, and then it will install it. To run it do:

chmod 755 jdk-1_5_0_07-linux-i586-rpm.bin
./jdk-1_5_0_07-linux-i586-rpm.bin

Unfortunately, the Sun RPM package puts files in different locations than the ones required by CentOS. After running the script you will see a new directory /usr/java/jdk1.5.0_07 with JDK files. Note that the actual RPM is left in the directory where you ran the Sun's jdk-1_5_0_07-linux-i586-rpm.bin script, however, you do not need to process the RPM, since script already did it. You may, however, use the RPM package if you want to install the JDK on another machine or if you erased the JDK at some point with a the RPM's rpm -e jdk-1.5.0_07-fcs command. Now, we are ready to install the SUN JDK compatibility RPM from the JPackage.org

yum --enablerepo=jpackage-generic-nonfree install java-1.5.0-sun-compat

This will create a bunch of links in the /etc/alternatives and /usr/lib/jvm directories and others to the /usr/java/jdk1.5.0_07 directory where the Sun JDK distribution resides. To check which files were affected do:

rpm -q -l java-1.5.0-sun-compat

Check if the Sun JDK is really a default by doing:

java -version

If you get:

java version "1.4.2"
gij (GNU libgcj) version 4.1.1 20060525 (Red Hat 4.1.1-1)

Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

(or similar) then something did NOT work. If you get:

java version "1.5.0_07"Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, 
Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode, sharing)

then the Sun JDK is your default. You can use alternatives to check (or change) the default JDK by:

alternatives --config java

It should show something like:

There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.

Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
1 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.4.2-gcj/bin/java
*+ 2 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.5.0-sun/bin/java


Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number:

Hit [Enter] key if you want Sun JDK to be a default, or enter 1 if you want to
change back to GNU Java.


Now, there will be times, when you want to get rid of Sun JDK and its entries for alternatives. DO NOT TOUCH THESE LINKS WITH YOUR BARE HANDS. Use yum to uninstall the JPackage Java compatibility package first and then erase the Sun JDK with rpm:

yum erase java-1.5.0-sun-compat
rpm -e jdk-1.5.0_07-fcs

Sometimes yum breaks. A popular situation is when you used rpm to install some package (or the package was installed with an install (older package is kept) rather than an update (older package is removed). In this case, yum gets confused with dependencies and complains, and it does not want to install a package. To see if this is a case (as it was when installing all of this), list all the installed rpm packages for some package name with a command:

rpm -qa | grep "java"

for example. If you see two versions of the same rpm, just erase the old one. Use the

rpm -e full_package_name_with_version

(but skip the .rpm) and then try yum update or yum install again. I am telling you this, since we will definitely have more javas and compats coming, and the mess happens. For example (at this time a hypothetical one), if you got stuck with two compat packages when updates to the JDK were processed:

rpm -qa | grep "java-1.5.0-sun-compat"

java-1.5.0-sun-compat-1.5.0.07-1jppjava-1.5.0-sun-compat-1.5.0.08-1jpp

remove the older package as:

yum erase java-1.5.0-sun-compat-1.5.0.07-1jpp

or, if still no go:

rpm -e java-1.5.0-sun-compat-1.5.0.07-1jpp

and try again.

So... JAVA_HOME.  In your shell, type:

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java
export JAVA_HOME

or if you are C-shellish:

setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java

For some reason yum was bugging out and not recognizing the xml-commons-apis, i downloaded the RPM from jpackage.org and "rpm -ivh xml-commons-apis" it in place and you can now install tomcat5 without a hitch. (I guess this may be a case of screwy obsoletes and provides with some of the jpp packages)


yum install tomcat5 tomcat5-webapps tomcat5-admin-webapps

We will use redhats standard apache2 with mod_jk to talk to Tomcat, so first we install:

yum install httpd mod_jk-ap20

Check to make sure the default tomcat users are located in /etc/tomcat5/tomcat-users.xml.

[root@centos tomcat5]# cat /etc/tomcat5/tomcat-users.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="tomcat"/>
<role rolename="role1"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
<user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>
<user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
</tomcat-users>
[root@centos tomcat5]#

Test tomcat5:

service tomcat5 start

If all is well, you can see the tomcat welcome page on 8080. Now we will configure apache to work with mod_jk to grab everything on port 80.  Apache configuration has a directory for custom configuration files in /etc/httpd/conf.d, we will add the mod_jk config there in a seperate file called mod_jk.conf.   So, open up your favorite editor and enter the following in a file named mod_jk.conf in the /etc/httpd/conf.d dirctory:


LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

JkWorkersFile /etc/tomcat5/jk/workers.properties

JkLogFile /var/log/tomcat5/mod_jk.log

JkLogLevel error

JkMount /jsp-examples/* ajp13


Create a directory for the mod_jk properties file in /etc/tomcat5/jk and put the following in a file called workers.properties in that directory. Using this file you can change location of the log files and the log level later on.

LoadModule jk_modules/mod_jk.so
JkWorkersFile /etc/tomcat5/jk/workers.properties
JkLogFile /var/log/tomcat5/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel error
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
JkMount /jsp-examples/* ajp13

Restart apache:


service httpd restart


Now, when you point your browser at your application you should be able to see everything that is at port 8080 on port 80.  As in:


www.mydomain.com:8080 


and


www.mydomain.com


Should now be the same.  This shows that mod_jk is setup and that apache is proxying tomcat.  I hope the howto helped, good luck with your new tomcat config.

'IT' 카테고리의 다른 글

Snow Leopard Endangers Vista  (0) 2008.11.21
WebSite Design  (0) 2008.11.14
Final Glance: Internet companies  (0) 2008.11.05
10 best features in Windows 7 for IT professionals  (0) 2008.10.29
OpenLDAP password trouble shooting  (0) 2008.10.29
Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l

NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- A majority of Americans aren't happy with the way Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson is handling his job or with the financial rescue package he and Congress created, according to a poll released Wednesday.

Of 1,058 people surveyed in a CNN/Opinion Research Corp. poll, 64% said they disapproved of Paulson's performance and 28% said they approved. The poll was conducted on Oct. 17-19 and the margin of error was plus or minus 3 percentage points.

The Treasury secretary, however, fared better than the president has recently. In an earlier poll, 72% of Americans said they disapproved of the way President Bush is handling his job.

A majority in the latest poll - 56% - said they also oppose the financial rescue package passed by Congress earlier this month. That package allows Treasury to buy troubled assets to stabilize the financial system.

In particular, 53% of Americans polled said they thought a major action taken as a result of that package - Uncle Sam providing capital to banks and other financial institutions in exchange for an equity stake in those companies - is a bad idea.

Fifty-eight percent also think the idea of the government providing financial assistance to keep a big company in business in exchange for a stake in that company is also a bad idea.

The Treasury has stepped in to help giant insurer American International Group (AIG, Fortune 500), which has received more than $100 billion in government loans. It has also taken over and agreed to provide funding for mortgage finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

There is one financial rescue strategy that won support in the poll: 58% of those polled said they favored government assistance to homeowners who can't pay their mortgages.

The financial rescue package requires the government to encourage lenders to modify mortgages in cases where the government holds at least a partial stake in a mortgage-backed security. And in cases where the government buys loans directly, it may modify the loans on its own.

On Oct. 1, the Federal Housing Administration launched a program to encourage lenders to write down loans to below a home's appraised value in exchange for refinancing a troubled borrower into an FHA-backed loan.

Early reports on that program, however, suggest that any positive effect on foreclosures may take time.

Meanwhile, FDIC Chairwoman Sheila Bair, who was instrumental in working on the financial rescue package provisions, has said publicly she thinks the government now needs to do more to help struggling homeownersTo top of page

Poll: Bailout aimed at Wall Street

Bailout 101: What the new law says

Rescue plan: What's in it

Here comes stimulus. The question is how.
Posted by CEOinIRVINE
l